Predicting the water use-demand as a climate change adaptation strategy for rice planting crops in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle Delta

Paddy and Water Environment - This work evaluates the impacts of climate change on water use-demand of three rice planting crops including winter–spring (WS), summer–autumn (SA) and...     

高寒草地土壤产漆酶真菌的筛选及分子鉴定

以高寒草地土壤分离出的9株真菌菌株为研究对象,采用rDNA-ITS方法对筛选出的产漆酶菌株进行分子鉴定,根据菌株在愈创木酚、蒽酮、邻苯二酚、邻联甲苯胺、邻甲苯胺、α-萘酚、联苯胺、没食子酸为底物的选择性培养基上的生长情况、菌落大小、漆酶催化氧化还原反应产生的变色圈直径大小及其颜色深浅程度,进行产漆酶真菌初筛,采用液体产酶发酵法选用ABTS为底物测定漆酶活力进行复筛。鉴定结果为菌株1.9为Uncultured fungus clone.,2.1a为Scytalidium,310b为Marasmius tricolor,2.1c为Saccharicola,2.3a为fungal sp,2.4d为Saccharicola.,10a为Marasmiusrotalis,3.7c为Alternaria.WB为Verticilliumlongisporum。筛选结果表明：除菌株3.7c以外,其余8株菌株在以愈创木酚、蒽酮、邻联甲苯胺、联苯胺为底物的培养基上基本都产生氧化带,在没食子酸底物培养基上均不产生氧化带;菌株1.9,2.1a,310b,2.4d,10a,2.1c,2.3a均具有产漆酶活力,其中菌株310b具有较强产漆酶活力。     

基于BLUP和GGE双标图的华北落叶松家系区域试验分析

【目的】为综合评价华北落叶松参试家系的速生丰产性、稳定性及各试验地点的区分力和代表性,利用基因型主效加基因型-环境互作效应(GGE)双标图对2017年度华北落叶松区域试验中参试家系的生长数据进行分析。【方法】基于冀北地区4个试验地点26个华北落叶松家系的胸径数据,首先拟合3个线性混合效应模型,各个模型均具有相同的固定效应(“地点”和“地点中的区组”)和残差方差结构(行、列自回归AR1×AR1,以进行空间分析),其中,模型1为随机效应中包含2个公因子的因子分析模型(FA模型),模型2、3分别为随机效应里不含测量误差以及包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型);基于AIC信息准则选出一个最优模型,之后利用最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)法得到各家系在各地点的胸径BLUP数据;基于胸径BLUP数据做GGE双标图分析,对华北落叶松家系和试验地点进行评价。【结果】基于AIC信息准则,模型3(空间变异结合包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型))被选为最优模型;基于胸径BLUP数据的GGE双标图的前2个主成分的方差解释百分比之和为92.4%,表明结果可靠;4个试验地点被分成2组,地点L1(张家口赤城马营沟)、地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)和地点L4(承德围场查字)为一组(以111号家系的胸径最大),地点L2(承德围场御道口)为一组(以78号家系的胸径最大),相对而言,地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)能更有效地选择速生丰产且稳定的家系;各家系在不同试验地点上的表现有所不同,总体而言,26个华北落叶松家系中,111号的胸径(产量)最大,接着是78、72、82、76、59、100、77、56、86、96等系号,胸径(产量)最小的是1号,97、116、53、35、46、66和49号等家系的胸径(产量)也较低,68和42号家系的胸径(产量)接近总体均值;96、86、100和76号是速生丰产且稳定的家系,速生丰产家系111、72、56号的稳定性居中,速生丰产家系78、82和77号的稳定性中等偏下,而速生丰产家系59号则不稳定。【结论】模型3(空间变异结合包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型))较另外2个模型而言,结果更为可靠。地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)既具高区分力,又具高代表性,能更有效地评价家系。家系96、86、100和76号兼具速生性、丰产性和稳定性,可被广泛推广。基于BLUP的GGE双标图能有效应用于华北落叶松家系及试验地点的评价,本研究可为冀北地区华北落叶松的家系选择和应用提供决策支持。     

秦岭南坡林地土壤有机碳密度空间分异特征

【目的】研究陕西秦岭南坡林地土壤有机碳密度空间分异特征,为秦岭林区土壤有机碳科学管理提供理论依据。【方法】在陕西秦岭南坡不同林区(洋县长青、佛坪县龙草坪、太白县太白山、宁陕县宁东和宁陕县宁西)及立地条件(海拔、坡向、坡位和坡度)设置样地,通过调查、取样和测定,采用差异性检验分析不同立地因子对土壤有机碳密度(tC·hm^-2)的影响,并通过逐步回归分析量化各因子对土壤有机碳密度影响的相对重要性。【结果】秦岭南坡林地土壤有机碳密度均值为125.41tC·hm^-2(52.60~307.36tC·hm^-2),在0~10,10~30和30~60cm土层分别为59.04,41.65和24.73tC·hm^-2,分别占土壤有机碳总密度的47.07%,33.21%和19.72%;秦岭南坡不同林区土壤有机碳密度差异较大,表现为龙草坪(143.55tC·hm^-2)>宁东(138.37tC·hm^-2)>宁西(134.09tC·hm-2)>太白山(109.29tC·hm^-2)>长青(90.22tC·hm^-2);土壤有机碳密度随海拔升高先增后降,在海拔800~1200m最低(平均90.24tC·hm^-2),在海拔2000~2400m最大(平均166.43tC·hm^-2),当海拔高于2400m后下降(平均132.51tC·hm^-2);阴坡土壤有机碳密度(127.23tC·hm^-2)稍高于阳坡(123.25tC·hm^-2);土壤有机碳密度随坡度增大而降低,由147.52tC·hm^-2减至87.06tC·hm^-2;土壤有机碳密度在下坡位(166.36tC·hm^-2)大于中坡位(129.43tC·hm^-2)和上坡位(77.14tC·hm^-2)。【结论】秦岭南坡林地土壤有机碳密度存在显著的区域差异,并随海拔升高先升后降,在各海拔间和不同坡位间均差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),但在阴坡与阳坡间无显著差异。逐步回归分析表明,坡位和海拔是影响土壤有机碳密度差异的主导立地因子。与我国其他主要林区相比,陕西秦岭南坡林地土壤有机碳密度处于较高水平,在我国森林土壤碳库中具有重要地位,应加强管理。     

濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶生境特征研究

通过对小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii的变种毛柄小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii(Schneid.)Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian的实地调查,对其分布概况、生境特性以及种群生存概况等方面进行了分析。结果表明:(1)毛柄小勾儿茶主要分布于安徽省霍山县马家河、舒城县万佛山和浙江省临安市湍口乡、临安市马啸乡等地。常见分布于沟边、路边、悬崖峭壁的向阳面。(2)毛柄小勾儿茶对水分及光照的要求较高,喜温暖湿润气候,成年植株主要分布在群落最高层,其幼苗耐荫性差,难以在郁闭度高的林内生长。(3)毛柄小勾儿茶种子大都落在树旁,缺乏有效传播方式,且种子未熟先落,95%无活性,导致极其缺乏幼苗。毛柄小勾儿茶生态位十分狭窄,是群落的伴生种或偶见种,缺乏群落竞争力。毛柄小勾儿茶数量已极其稀少,建议加大保护力度,加快对种子成熟生理机制的研究,提高种子活性。或是探索有效的规模化繁育技术,进行人工抚育小苗,扩大种群数量。     

Modelling and mapping natural hazard regulating ecosystem services in Sapa,Lao Cai province,Vietnam

Land use change due to the development of agriculture and community-based tourism has resulted in an increase in natural hazards (e.g. erosion and landslides) that affect sustainability in the Sapa mountainous area in northern Vietnam. Natural hazard regulating ecosystem services have protected the local people from the destruction of their villages, goods and natural resources, especially in the rainy season. However, it is difficult to identify which kinds of anthropogenic constructions support a co-production of regulating services in human-influenced social–ecological systems and in which specific types of land use and land cover the supply of such services takes place, especially in heterogeneous mountainous areas. Therefore, this research attempts to (1) distinguish between the potential and actual use (flow) of natural hazard regulating ecosystem services and (2) understand how soil erosion and landslide regulating ecosystem services can contribute to a sustainable management of different ecosystems, especially in rice fields and forest areas. Two models (InVEST for soil erosion, Analytic Hierarchy Process for landslide analysis) were used to analyze and map the contributions of natural versus anthropogenic components for regulating natural hazards in Sapa. The results show the incoherent distribution of erosion regulating services and low capacities of landslide regulating services in areas that have seriously been affected by human activities, especially forestry and agricultural development. The contribution of rice ecosystems to soil erosion mitigation is higher than in the case of landslides. Nevertheless, one-third of the area of paddy fields in the case study area have “no” capacity to supply natural hazard regulating ecosystem services and should therefore be re-forested.     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1)

The IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1), also known as MAVS/VISA/Cardif, is an adaptor molecule for the retinoic-acid-inducible protein I (RIG-I) or melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) that recognizes intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and triggers a signal for producing type I IFN. In the present study, porcine IPS-1 cDNA was cloned, using RT-PCR coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR, from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The open reading frame of porcine IPS-1 consists of 1575bp encoding 524 amino acids. The putative porcine IPS-1 protein contains a N-terminal CARD-like domain, a central proline-rich domain, a C-terminal transmembrane domain, and exhibits similarity to mouse, rat, monkey, human and cattle counterparts, ranging from 59% to 79%. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that porcine IPS-1 mRNA was widely expressed in different tissues. Porcine kidney (PK-15) cells transfected with a DNA construct encoding porcine IPS-1 produced type I IFN, and activated IRF3 and NF-kappaB. Deletion mutant analyses further revealed that both the CARD-like domain and transmembrane domain are essential for these functions. In addition, poly(I:C)-induced porcine IFN-beta promoter activation in PK-15 cells was significantly reduced by siRNA targeting IPS-1, indicating that IPS-1 is an important immunoregulator in the porcine innate immune system. The availability of porcine IPS-1 and establishment of its function in the type I IFN signaling pathway provides a useful molecule for defining its role during the course of pig infectious diseases.     

Screening and Identification of Laccase Fungi in Alpine Meadow北大核心CSCD

Nine strains of fungi that isolated from alpine meadow were used as research objects. The laccase-producing strains were identified by rDNA-ITS method. According to the strains, guaiacol, anthrone, catechol and neighbors were identified. Growth on selective medium of toluidine, o-toluidine, crnaphthol, benzidine, gallic acid as substrate, colony size, size of the color circle produced by laccase-catalyzed redox reaction, and the degree of color depth, the laccase-producing fungus is firstly screened, and the laccase activity is determined by the liquid-producing enzyme fermentation method using ABTS as a substrate for re-screening. The results showed that strain 1. 9 was Uncultured fungus clone. 2. la was Scytalidium, 310b was Marasmius tricolor, 2.1c was Saccharicola, 2. 3a was fungal sp, 2. 4d was Saccharicola. 10a was Marasmiusrotalis, 3. 7c was Alternaria. WB was Verticilliumlongisporum. The screening results showed that except for strain 3. 7c, the other 8 strains basically produced oxidative bands on the culture medium with guaiacol, anthrone, ortho-toluidine and benzidine as substrates, and cultured in gallic acid substrate. No oxidative bands were produced on the culture medium; strains 1. 9, 2. la, 310b, 2. 4d, 10a, 2. lc, and 2. 3a all had laccase activity, and strain 310b had stronger laccase activity than the other strains. © 2019 China Agricultural University. All rights reserved.     

Growth performance,carcass quality characteristics and colonic microbiota profiles in finishing pigs fed diets with different inclusion levels of rice distillers’ by‐product

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing rice distillers’ by‐product (RDP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and gut microbiota of fattening pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), 56.9 ± 3.1 kg initial body weight, were randomly allocated to three groups. For 56 days, pigs were fed one of three diets including RDP0 (control), RDP15 (15% RDP in DM), and RDP30 (30% RDP in DM). With RDP level in diet, average daily gain and backfat thickness linearly increased (p < 0.05), and drip loss tended to increase (p ≤ 0.08). In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon profiling showed that RDP was associated with modulation of colonic microbiota composition, especially at family and genus levels. Relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families in colonic digesta increased with inclusion of RDP, while that of Enterobacteriaceae decreased. The proportion of genera unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Butyrivibrio increased as inclusion of RDP. These results indicate that up to 30% inclusion in diet of finishing pigs, RDP can modulate colonic microbiota composition, and induces an improvement of animal growth and fat deposition.