基于OBE的《机械制造工艺学》过程性考核方式改革*

OBE是工程认证背景下一种全新的教学理念,倡导“以成果为导向"进行教学过程设计和优化教学方法。针对农业机械化及其自动化专业本科生课程《机械制造工艺学》工程性和实践性强、考核偏理论、应用导向不足的问题,提出了基于OBE的过程性考核方式改革。改革以课程考核为指挥棒,以工程应用问题为案例,快速有效的引导学生调整学习方式,提高学生对教学过程的参与度,探索机械制造工艺学理论知识在农业工程领域的具体应用。考核方式改革既体现了以应用为导向的目标,又达到全方面评价学生学习效果的目的,对切实提高本专业教学质量和学生培养质量有着重要的意义。     

Implication of Echinochrome A in the Plasticity and Damage of Intestinal Epithelium

The diverse therapeutic feasibility of the sea urchin-derived naphthoquinone pigment, Echinochrome A (Ech A), has been studied. Simple and noninvasive administration routes should be explored, to obtain the feasibility. Although the therapeutic potential has been proven through several preclinical studies, the biosafety of orally administered Ech A and its direct influence on intestinal cells have not been evaluated. To estimate the bioavailability of Ech A as an oral administration drug, small intestinal and colonic epithelial organoids were developed from mice and humans. The morphology and cellular composition of intestinal organoids were evaluated after Ech A treatment. Ech A treatment significantly increased the expression of LGR5 (~2.38-fold change, p = 0.009) and MUC2 (~1.85-fold change, p = 0.08). Notably, in the presence of oxidative stress, Ech A attenuated oxidative stress up to 1.8-fold (p = 0.04), with a restored gene expression of LGR5 (~4.11-fold change, p = 0.0004), as well as an increased expression of Ly6a (~3.51-fold change, p = 0.005) and CLU (~2.5-fold change, p = 0.01), markers of revival stem cells. In conclusion, Ech A is harmless to intestinal tissues; rather, it promotes the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, suggesting possible beneficial effects on the intestine when used as an oral medication.     

河北省沧州棉区绿盲蝽在不同寄主上的动态分布

系统研究了绿盲蝽在河北省沧州棉区主要寄主上的发生规律及转主迁移特点。结果表明,在河北省沧州棉区,枣树和棉花是该虫的主要互为寄主,1~2代主要为害枣树,2代成虫转主于棉花等作物,转主高峰为6月19~25日,3~4代为害棉花和其他作物,第5代成虫于9月初开始返回枣树产卵越冬。绿盲蝽1~2代若虫孵化时间集中,成虫羽化高峰明显。根据绿盲蝽生活史中的薄弱环节,提出了抓住关键时期,采取大面积统一防治,将该虫消灭在孵化期和成虫羽化及转主之前的防治策略。     

附红细胞体病研究进展

根据国内外文献及临床实践,综述了附红细胞体病的病原学、流行病学、发病机理、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防治等方面研究现状,为今后的研究提供参考。     

2018—2019年山东省小反刍兽疫专项流行病学调查

为全面掌握山东省小反刍兽疫的病原分布和免疫效果，按照《山东省动物疫病监测与流行病学调查实施方案》，分别于2018年 和2019年，通过问卷调查结合实验室检测，在全省开展了小反刍兽疫专项流行病学调查。结果显示：2018—2019年山东省小反刍兽疫免疫抗体合格率均在80%以上，达到了国家和省级的要求，抗体水平平稳（χ2=0.003，P=0.956 32，P>0.05）；病原学检测均未发现阳性样品。问卷统计结果显示：疫病方面，目前养羊场以细菌性疾病感染为主，没有发现小反刍兽疫疫情；饲养场（户）基本能够做到调入羊只的隔离、检疫，以及养殖场的定期消毒。结果表明，山东省羊群的小反刍兽疫免疫保护水平较高，防控措施执行较为到位，防控形势比较理想。今后需持续开展小反刍兽疫专项流行病学调查，从而为今后小反刍兽疫免疫政策的制定和强制免疫退出提供数据支撑。     

HPLC-MS测定江油附子中三种生物碱的含量

建立了附子中乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱的高效液相色谱-质谱联用检测方法,并用该方法测定不同秸杆覆盖处理的附于中3种生物碱成分.以PolarisC18-A(50 mm×2.0 mm,5.0 μm)为色谱柱;甲醇和水(体积比为80∶20)为流动相,流速为0.2 mL/min,检测波长为240 nm,柱温为30℃.结果表明,乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱分别在0.70～35.00 ng(r=0.999 6)、0.50～25.00 ng (r=0.999 6)、1.06～53.00 ng (r=0.9980)范围内线性良好;平均回收率分别为100.7％、99.2％和98.9％.该方法结果准确可靠,是一种快速灵敏、专属性强的分析方法.     

复合型有机酸性土壤改良剂不同施用量对连作黄瓜土壤改良效果研究

针对宁夏设施土壤连作障碍发生严重、设施土壤碱化度高等问题,以连作10年的设施黄瓜连作土壤为研究对象,以糠醛和醋糟为改良剂主料,通过调酸调节改良剂pH为2,采用盆栽试验,设置667m2施200(T1)、400(T2)、600(T3)、800(T4)、1 000(T5)、1 300(T6)、1 600kg(T7)的7个处理,以不添加改良剂为对照(CK),系统研究了不同改良剂用量对土壤养分、盐分离子、微生物数量的影响。结果表明:盛果期土壤pH和EC值均随改良剂施用量增加呈下降的趋势,其中T7降低pH效果最显著,降低4.29%,T5降低土壤EC值最显著,降低37.72%;T6和T7土壤全氮含量显著高于CK,分别增加42.11%和48.54%;667m~2施800kg以上用量改良剂显著增加土壤有机质;T1、T2、T4和T5处理相对CK分别显著增加20.00%、20.00%、23.33%和26.67%的土壤全磷;T4处理Ca~(2+)和Cl~-下降最为显著,Na~+、K~+和HCO_3-在T3下降最为显著。T4细菌数和放线菌的增长最显著,且真菌数降低最为显著,缓苗期T3放线菌增长最显著。综合分析得出,667m~2施用量600kg为该复合型有机酸性土壤改良剂的最佳施用量。     

山东省东营市盐碱地棉花绿色简化栽培技术

为提高当地植棉效益和稳定棉花生产,从增施有机肥,适时压碱造墒,选用早熟品种、适当晚播,增加密度、精量播种,简化施肥,系统化控,机械化采收,复种饲用小黑麦等方面介绍了山东省东营市盐碱地棉花绿色简化栽培技术.     

Effect of supplementation of vitamin E,copper and zinc on the in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation index of peripartum Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows

To study the effect of vitamin E (VE), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the in vitro phagocytic activity (PA) and lymphocyte proliferation response (LPR) of blood neutrophils and lymphocytes, thirty Sahiwal pregnant cows (six in each group) in their late gestation at 30 days before the expected date of calving were selected from the NDRI experimental herd and supplemented with various micronutrients from 30 days before calving to 45 days after calving. Cows were supplemented individually with VE (1000 IU/cow/day), Cu (20 ppm/cow/day) and Zn (80 ppm/cow/day) and also with a combination of VE, Cu and Zn to study cumulative effect of all micronutrients. One group without any supplementation acted as a control. Blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were isolated and studied for their PA and LPR. Supplementation of micronutrients like VE, Cu, Zn and a combination of all these nutrients significantly (p < 0.01) increased the PA of experimental cows as compared to control (unsupplemented) cows during the pre‐partum period. During post‐partum, all the micronutrients (VE, Cu, Zn and their combination) showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the PA of experimental cows as compared to control cows. Of all the groups, significant (p < 0.01) and maximum PA was observed in the combination group followed by Zn‐supplemented group during both the pre‐ and post‐partum period. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in LPR of B lymphocytes was observed in combination‐supplemented group during the pre‐partum period and during both the pre‐ and post‐partum period in the Cu‐supplemented group.