云南省食用菌产业技术标准体系建设研究

分析了食用菌标准化现状，归纳目前食用菌标准体系存在的主要问题，提出云南省食用菌标准体系建设的原则与依据，按照产前、产中、产后划分标准类别，构建云南省食用菌产业技术标准体系。     

Transplantation of human amnion epithelial cells improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology rat model

AIM: To observe the treatment effect and its immune regulation of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology rat model. METHODS: The hAECs were isolated from amnion with trypsin digestion, and the phenotype of hAECs was analyzed by flow cytometry. SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham control group, model group, medium group and hAECs group. AD-like pathology rat model was induced by bilateral intraventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). hAECs (5×10⁵) were injected into the hippocampus of the AD-like pathology rats. At 2 weeks after transplantation, the animals were tested by Morris water maze to observe the function of learning and memory. The pathological change of the brain was observed by HE staining. The expression of amyloid β-protein 42(Aβ42) and Tau protein and the level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the injury brain were determined by immunohistochemistry. The survival and differentiation of hAECs in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescent technique. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The contents of serum cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with model group and medium group, hAECs group showed shortened escape latency (P<0.01), increased frequency of going through the platform (P<0.05), reduced loss of hippocampal neurons, decreased expression of Tau protein and Aβ42 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), increased ACh level in the hippocampus (P<0.05), decreased percentages of Th1 and Th17 subsets, increased percentages of Th2 and Treg cells (P<0.05), decreased concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum, and increased concentration of IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hAECs improve the cognitive learning and memory function and alleviate pathologic damage of hippocampus through immune regulation in AD-like pathology rats.     

观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究进展

菌根真菌具有丰富遗传多样性、形态多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性和功能多样性。而观赏植物是重要的依赖菌根真菌的植物类群,对于美化环境、改善生态条件、促进经济发展等方面均具有重要价值,人们给予了众多研究,其中,观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究表明观赏植物菌根真菌具有丰富的形态、物种和功能多样性。本文系统总结了国内外观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究所取得的成果、存在的问题,并探讨了今后研究方向,旨在为进一步开展观赏植物菌根研究与应用提供依据。     

红松无性系种子园与实生种子园种实性状观测

建立红松无性系种子园和实生种子园的实践证明:嫁接母树的结实株数、结实率、公顷产种量、种子千粒重等9项种实性状均优于实生母树,关键种实性状指标结实率、公顷产种量、出种率、种子千粒重、出仁率分别是实生母树的3.67倍、2.74倍、1.16倍、1.02倍和1.12倍.     

秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦生长状况的影响

以小黑麦作为研究材料,通过设置5种不同的秸秆覆盖与镇压处理,在小黑麦的各个生长期对其进行生理指标的测定,研究秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦鲜重和干物质重、株高、次生根、叶片数的影响.试验结果表明:5种处理下小黑麦的生长状况呈现出了:A4＞ A3＞ A＞ A1＞ A5.而且A4处理下小黑麦的生长状况明显大于其他各组处理下小黑麦的...     

我国不同奶业产区规模化牧场饲料结构分析

在奶牛养殖规模化水平不断提高,养殖成本日益增加,且区域间差异明显的背景下,饲料作为奶牛养殖主要投入品,了解其在规模化牧场生产成本中的结构对于优化奶牛日粮结构、降低养殖成本、缩小区域间养殖效益差距等具有重要意义。本文利用2018—2020年规模牧场月度调研数据,分析了我国规模化牧场饲料结构情况。研究发现,大城市周边产区和南方产区的精饲料和粗饲料的比例相对更加科学,华北产区仍有较大提升空间,并且玉米、豆粕、玉米青贮和苜蓿草在日粮中占有较大比重,达到84.62%;不同产区奶牛日粮结构具有明显差距,玉米青贮和苜蓿草在西北产区占比最高,玉米和豆粕在南方产区占比最高。注重发挥区域优势,加大优质粗饲料和可替代饲料的利用,有利于降低养殖成本,提高养殖的科学性和可持续性。     

Establishment of a Duplex Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of Nipha Virus and Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To establish a rapid,sensitive and specific assay for the differential detection of Nipah virus (NiV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV),a duplex Real-time RT-PCR was developed with specific primers and probes targeting to the special sequences of NiV M gene and HP-PRRSV nsp2 gene by optimization of reaction conditions.The performance of the assay was linear ranging from 4.6×10¹ to 4.6×10⁷ copies/μL for RNA standard control of NiV M (NiV-M-RNA) and from 4.1×10¹ to 4.1×10⁸ copies/μL for RNA standard control of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA),and detection limits of the assay was 46 copies for the NiV-M-RNA and 4.1 copies for the HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA,respectively.The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability were less than 2.0%,showing good repeatability.The assay was able to specifically detect NiV and HP-PRRSV simultaneously without cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),swine influenza virus (SIV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).Of the 236 samples from pigs for both NiV and HP-PRRSV detection by the established assay,all the samples were negative for NiV,8 samples were HP-PRRSV positive.In conclusion,this assay offers a useful approach for the differential detection of NiV and HP-PRRSV in clinical specimens from the pigs.     

东北地区奶牛乳房炎表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究

为调查表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌在东北地区的流行病学情况和耐药性,本研究对来自东北地区3个大型奶牛场采集的330份奶样进行葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及其耐药表型的检测,并采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行分离株的亲缘性分析,对表皮葡萄球菌进行多位点序列分型(MLST),同时应用PCR扩增分离株中携带的相关耐药基因。研究结果表明,在330份奶样中共分离到表皮葡萄球菌32株(9.7%),腐生葡萄球菌34株(10.3%);PFGE分析共获得9种不同谱型的表皮葡萄球菌和11种不同谱型的腐生葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,两种菌对青霉素(70%)、苯唑西林(60%)和林克霉素(55%)的耐药率较高,主要耐药基因为lnu(B)(40%)、erm(B)(30%)和mec A(25%)。本研究结果揭示了东北地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的耐药谱和流行情况,为临床合理用药及奶牛乳房炎的防控提供了实验依据。     

小蚕工厂化饲育技术体系的构建

小蚕工厂化饲育是适应现代蚕业标准化、规模化发展需要的新型小蚕饲育形式.本文从浙江省小蚕共育发展现状出发,分析了传统小蚕共育存在的问题,在结合当前小蚕生产中新技术新设备新模式实践基础上,提出了小蚕工厂化饲育技术概念,阐述了其与传统小蚕共育的联系、区别点,重点提出了小蚕工厂化饲育技术体系框架、技术要点与示范推广的前景.     

不同性能薄膜对草莓气调保鲜效果的影响

以PE/OPP/PE复合膜、PE膜及电晕处理PE膜为试材,采用与空气相同(21%O_2+0.9%CO2)的初始气体比例被动气调包装件,研究不同透气、透湿性能的薄膜对草莓气调保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:在室温(15±2)℃、相对湿度33%~35%的条件下,在草莓6d贮存期内,PE/OPP/PE复合膜保持了草莓较高的感官评价和硬度,电晕处理PE膜更有利于延缓草莓可溶性固形物含量的下降及pH的升高。故PE/OPP/PE复合膜和电晕处理PE膜对草莓的保鲜效果优于PE膜。