Sarcocystis sinensis is an ultrastructurally distinct parasite of water buffalo that can cause foodborne illness but cannot complete its life-cycle in human beings

In this study, we compared the morphology of Sarcocystis sinensis and Sarcocystis hominis, and assessed the infectiousness of S. sinensis for human volunteers. The cysts of S. sinensis were from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and those of S. hominis were from cattle (Bos taurus). Transmission electron microscopy of S. sinensis cysts revealed that the cyst wall had leaning, finger-like protrusions measuring 1.44-5.08 μm in length and without invaginations on the tip surface of the protrusions. In contrast, the cyst wall of S. hominis had upright, finger-like protrusions measuring 9.43 μm×2.42 μm and with vesicle-like invaginations on the tip surface of the protrusions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface of the protrusions was arranged as rectangles in S. sinensis, as compared to tongue-shaped in S. hominis. Other distinguishing features of S. sinensis include a thin ground substrate (GS) zone with microtubules and small, circle-like structures located at the base of the protrusions. Human volunteers, after consuming S. sinensis cysts, produced no sporocysts or oocysts in feces, suggesting that humans could not serve as definitive hosts for S. sinensis. By contrast, many sporocysts and oocysts were passed in feces of a human volunteer 11-29 days after ingestion of S. hominis cysts. These results showed that S. sinensis and S. hominis are separate species and S. sinensis cannot use human being as the definitive host.     

研磨珠辅助提取茶树菇水溶性核苷酸工艺优化

为了考察茶树菇中水溶性核苷酸的较优提取工艺,该文以食用真菌茶树菇子实体为原料,采用研磨珠细胞破壁提取法,对其所含的核苷酸类物质进行提取。以研磨时间、液料比及研磨珠装载量作为影响因素,采用响应面分析法进行条件优化,得到具显著性的拟合回归方程,并确定最佳提取工艺条件为：研磨时间12 min,液料比为51∶1 mL/g,研磨珠装载量为12.5%时,理论核苷酸得率为7.02%。并且,通过验证试验,实际得率为6.94%,结果与模型符合良好,进一步说明拟合方程的可靠。与传统方法相比,本文采用的研磨珠破壁提取方法,不仅所得核苷酸产品得率高,并且可大大缩短操作时间,为食用菌核苷酸的新型生产工艺的开发提供了理论参考。     

毛乌素沙地羊柴种群点格局分析

在宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地,分别在固定沙地和半固定沙地设立一块50 m×50 m典型样地,应用Ripley’s K函数的双变量点格局分析方法,对飞播条件下羊柴种群的点格局进行研究。结果表明:羊柴种群的空间分布格局与植株大小及生境2种因素关系密切,随着羊柴植株形体的增大,其集聚强度加强;对于羊柴种群的空间关联性,随着2个大小级的形体大小差异减小,它们的空间正关联关系将加强;半固定沙地上的羊柴种群及其各大小级与固定沙地相比更趋向于集群分布,同时各大小级之间的空间正关联也更明显;移植羊柴时,应尽量将其栽种成集聚分布形式,以提高植被成活率。     

插秧机转向自动控制的研究与试验

以XDNZ630型水稻高速插秧机为平台,对插秧机的转向自动控制系统进行研究.对插秧机转向机构进行了改造,采用伺服电机驱动转向轴,带动转向轮偏转.采用GPS精确定位,PID控制转向执行机构,角度传感器反馈插秧机转向角的闭环控制系统实现了转向自动控制.试验结果表明,混凝土路上平均跟踪误差为6cm,最大跟踪误差11cm;在水田中平均跟踪误差为10cm,最大跟踪误差为20cm.     

真空微波和冷冻干燥组合降低胡萝卜片的干燥能耗

为减少脱水蔬菜冷冻干燥过程的能耗,以胡萝卜片为试材,采用真空微波和冷冻干燥组合的工艺,即先微波真空后冻干（组合Ⅰ）和先冻干后微波真空干燥（组合Ⅱ）。组合Ⅰ的优化参数为：真空微波阶段微波功率密度1.6 w/g,脱去40个百分点的湿基水,冻干阶段升华干燥4 h,解析干燥3 h;组合Ⅱ的优化参数为：冻干阶段升华干燥7 h;真空微波干燥功率密度选1.0 w/g以下,采用温度控制模式。所干燥胡萝卜片的β-胡萝卜素保留率和复水率等与纯冻干产品接近,体积保留率比纯冻干稍小,但仍能保持平直的外形;2种组合干燥工艺比纯冻干分别节能47.0%和54.2%,且干燥时间可缩短一半。     

非洲猪瘟背景下猪群的高效养殖

非洲猪瘟自2018年8月份发生以来,对我国养猪业的影响非常巨大。很多科研人员和畜牧工作者为非洲猪瘟的防控进行建言献策,对猪场防控非洲猪瘟带来了很大的帮助。文章就非洲猪瘟背景下猪群的健康、免疫及母猪繁殖进行综述,为生猪产业的复产提供帮助,实现猪场养殖效益的最大化。     

二元和三元后备母猪批次化生产技术应用效果分析

本试验于2018年5~10月在天津某猪场对二元(长×大)和三元(杜×长×大)后备母猪应用批次化生产技术后的静立率、淘汰率、妊娠率和窝产仔数等繁殖力指标进行了统计分析。试验分为常温(5—7月)和高温(8—10月)两个阶段,每批参与试验的二元和三元母猪均大于30头。结果表明:在常温季节,三元后备母猪在静立率、妊娠率和总体妊娠率等方面与二元后备母猪无显著性差异(P>0.05);而在高温季节,三元后备母猪的静立率、妊娠率和总体妊娠率等方面均显著低于二元后备母猪(P<0.05)。相对于常温季节,高温季节里二元和三元母猪的妊娠率和总体妊娠率均显著降低,但在静立率方面只有三元母猪显著降低(P<0.05)。不论是在高温季节还是在常温季节,三元后备母猪的窝产仔数和窝均产仔数均显著低于二元后备母猪,而淘汰率却显著高于二元后备母猪(P<0.05)。结论:在常温季节,三元母猪静立率和妊娠率均与二元母猪差异不显著;但在高温季节三元母猪静立率和妊娠率均显著低于二元母猪;不论是高温还是常温季节,三元母猪的窝产仔数都显著低于二元母猪,而淘汰率显著高于二元母猪。