元宝枫芽变材料的遗传变异分析

本研究对元宝枫芽变材料秋叶变色变异性状进行了田间观测、花苷色素含量测定及扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）遗传变异性分析,结果表明多态性位点占总扩增位点的平均比例为4.45%。田间观测发现芽变株在变色效果和花色素苷含量等方面都存在着显著差异。与原母株相比,芽变枝的秋叶变色率增加了70%,秋叶最佳变色期叶片花色素苷含量增加了1倍。该变异性状可通过无性繁殖稳定成为一个新品系。     

湿地经济植物筛选方法的探讨

笔者为探讨湿地经济植物筛选提供一种简单易行的方法,是在一般经济植物育种指标选择的基础上,结合湿地经济植物生物学特点及筛选的目的,制定了湿地植物的Ⅲ级选育指标,并利用My=∑ni=1Ciqi=C1q1+C2q2+……Cnqn模式进行筛选。作者对鄂莲系列及茭白等湿地经济植物进行了举例筛选说明。结果表明:鄂莲5号及水芹、茭白等的综合评分较高。     

不同种植方式对黄菖蒲、水葱和菖蒲3种挺水植物生长的影响

以黄菖蒲、水葱与菖蒲3 种挺水植物为材料,在常规种植密度下设置纯植、块状混植与株间混植3种种植方式,分析不同种植方式对植株生长的影响。结果显示,黄菖蒲与菖蒲共同种植其伸长率(ER)均高于纯植方式;块状混植方式下黄菖蒲的平均生长速率(AGR)高于纯植方式,而菖蒲的AGR 则低于纯植方式;株间混植方式下两者的AGR均高于纯植方式。两者分别与水葱株间混植时,水葱的ER 在块状混植与株间混植方式下均比纯植方式高,而菖蒲与黄菖蒲的ER 则均比纯植方式低;株间混植时水葱与黄菖蒲的AGR 均低于纯植方式,菖蒲的AGR 在块状混植方式下比纯植方式低,株间混植方式下则与纯植相当。结果表明,菖蒲与黄菖蒲株间混植有利于相互植株的较快增加和生物产量的较快累积,体现出相互促进效应;而它们与水葱株间混植时,水葱会通过快速的株高伸长,对菖蒲与黄菖蒲形成一定的抑制效应。     

陆地棉花粉柱头生活力研究

在1d内的6个不同时间分别给母本柱头授以自然花粉和冰箱保存花粉,镜检穿过花柱基部的花粉管数,田间调查成铃率,收获后考种单铃种子数、健籽率和子指等。结果表明,自然花粉以上午10：00授粉成铃率最高,雌蕊柱头10：00和16：00为最佳接受花粉时间。     

Genetic mapping using 1.4M SNP array refined loci for fatty acid composition traits in Chinese Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs

Chinese indigenous pigs display marked genetic and phenotypic differences compared with western commercial pigs. In this study, we tested the association between 660K SNPs and longissimus muscle fatty acid composition traits in Chinese Erhualian (n = 331) and Bamaxiang (n = 315) pigs based on a customized 1.4 million SNP array. We identified a total of 64 significant associations for 20 fatty acid composition traits at the p‐value threshold of 1 × 10^?6 among which 42 associations in low linkage disequilibrium (r² < .2) with previously reported loci were considered novel. We substantially improved the strength and precision of the associations at four previously detected loci near FADS2, ELOVL7, ELOVL6 and FASN genes, facilitating follow‐up candidate gene studies. Moreover, we also identified loci near ABCD2, ACSBG1, ELOVL5, HPGDS, DAGT2, ACAD10 and ACSL1 genes with function relevant to metabolism of fatty acids. In this study, valuable genetic variants and candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition traits were identified in Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs. Some identified loci could be used to improve pork nutrition in pig breeding practice. Using the SNP array with higher marker density and less ascertainment bias improved QTL detection power and precision in Chinese indigenous pigs.     

火干扰对喀纳斯泰加林土壤有机碳的影响

为了研究不同火干扰烈度对喀纳斯泰加林土壤有机碳含量及碳储量的影响,以喀纳斯泰加林同一火烧时间不同火干扰烈度的火烧迹地为研究对象,对不同土层(0～10 cm,10～25 cm)有机碳含量进行测定并估算其碳储量,采用单因素方差分析及LSD多重比较进行差异显著性分析。结果表明,相同火干扰烈度下0～10 cm土层土壤有机碳及碳储量均大于10～25 cm土层。0～10 cm土层中碳储量表现为:未火烧>轻度火干扰>中度火干扰>重度火干扰,在10～25 cm土层中碳储量表现为:轻度火干扰>中度火干扰>未火烧>重度火干扰。0～10 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量和碳储量以及10～25 cm土层的有机碳含量损失程度会随着火干扰烈度的增加而增加。10～25 cm土层碳储量会在轻度和中度火干扰后出现增加。     

苇状羊茅与多年生黑麦草内生真菌菌丝基因组DNA提取的优化及PCR初步检测

感染内生真菌的禾草在牧草和草坪业上具有重要的生态和经济意义，家畜采食感染Neotyphodium coenophialum和N.lolii的苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草会发生中毒。本研究收集天津口岸1998年以来进境的部分苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草种子，对经镜检确认带有内生真菌的种子进行分离培养，对疑似菌株的菌丝用改进的Moiler等方法进行基因组DNA抽提，测定浓度及纯度，对照原方法，DNA的纯度有较大提高，浓度略有上升。Tubulin2基因的引物IS1-IS3扩增结果显示为单一的条带，结合形态学和序列比对，分离培养得到的菌株可以基本确定为N．coenophialum和N。lolii。根据Genbank中N.coenophialum和N.lolii的NC25基因序列设计出引物F1-R1，扩增得到能区分开N.coenophialum和N．lolii的单一条带（相差160bp），建立了N．coenophialum和N．lolii的PCR检测方法，结果准确可靠。     

Development and identification of a introgression line with strong drought resistance at seedling stage derived from Oryza sativa L. mating with Oryza rufipogon Griff

Drought stress is severely damaging during seedling stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which can lead to significant yield reductions. Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff., hereafter referred to as DXWR), with strong drought resistance, could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice. Xieqingzao B (O. sativa L. ssp. indica, hereafter referred to as XB) is a representative maintainer line in hybrid rice breeding system in China. By using DXWR as donor parent, XB as recurrent parent, through continuous selfing, backcrossing and strict drought-resistant screening, we developed a strong and stable drought-resistant introgression line IL395 (BC₅F₁₀), whose ability of drought resistance was significantly increased than that of the recurrent parent XB at the seedling stage. Meanwhile, no significant differences existed among other major agronomic traits under normal condition, except for plant height. Physiological assessment revealed that IL395 exhibited a significant increase in levels of free proline and soluble sugars, which was associated with drought resistance. Whole genome marker analyses identified genomic segments of DXWR linking with RM171 and RM590 (chr. 10) and RM235 (chr. 12) that require further analysis as possible sources of drought resistance trait. These results suggest that DXWR could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice, and the IL395 might be a useful resource for excavating the drought-resistant genes from DXWR.     

Q型烟粉虱芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因的克隆及表达分析

为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci取食感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的番茄植株后,其体内的芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因(arylsulfatase B,ARSB)是否能够做出应答反应,基于Q型烟粉虱基因组数据克隆得到ARSB基因cDNA全长,采用生物信息学方法分析其序列特征,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段、不同组织及携带TYLCV前后的表达量变化情况。结果显示:Q型烟粉虱ARSB基因的cDNA全长为1 731 bp,编码576个氨基酸,分子量为64.89 kD,具有ARSB的保守结构域。ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段均有表达,在卵期表达量最高,成虫期表达量最低;该基因在Q型烟粉虱头胸部的表达量显著高于腹部;Q型烟粉虱获取TYLCV 72 h后其体内ARSB基因表达量显著提高。表明ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同龄期、不同组织内存在差异表达,并可能参与Q型烟粉虱对TYLCV的响应和传毒过程。     

基于EPG技术分析杭菊两主栽品种对三种菊蚜抗性及其相关抗性物质

为比较杭白菊主栽品种早、晚小洋菊对菊小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella sanborni、棉蚜Aphis gossypii、桃蚜Myzus persicae的抗性,通过刺吸电位技术(electrical penetration graph,EPG)研究菊蚜在菊顶叶上刺吸行为,并检测了菊顶叶主要化合物。结果表明:在晚小洋菊上,菊小长管蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间4.31、3.47 min,分别短于在早小洋菊上的4.63、3.75 min;棉蚜、桃蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间分别为4.32、4.72 min和4.92、4.64 min;3种蚜虫的平均刺探次数均大于在早小洋菊上的平均刺探次数。聚类分析结果显示,2个主栽品种之间抗性存在差异。早小洋菊顶叶平均可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别为2.71 mg/g和25.36 mg/g,均高于晚小洋菊;早小洋菊顶叶总酚含量为0.24 mg/g,显著低于晚小洋菊;早、晚小洋菊总黄酮含量分别为3.46 mg/g和3.37 mg/g。早小洋菊顶叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量基本上与每种菊蚜的E1、E2波持续时间显著正相关,总酚含量、总黄酮含量与每种菊蚜的E1或E2波持续时间显著负相关。推测早小洋菊对于菊长管蚜的抗性稍弱于晚小洋菊,2种杭白菊对棉蚜或桃蚜的抗性相当,且菊叶中的这4种物质含量与抗蚜性相关。