Adaptability of various models of the water production function for rice in Jilin Province,China

The existing irrigation schedule of most rice-growing areas in Jilin Province is not in full compliance with the Water Requirements Law of the rice; these discrepancies affect the yield of rice to some extent. Thus, research on rice water regulations and selection of an appropriate water production function model (WPFM) is very important. In this study, according to the water demand characteristics of rice, we used drought treatments separately during the tillering, jointing booting, flowering, and milky stages. Evapotranspiration and yield data were obtained using a test pit experiment and production measurements in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Five commonly used WPFMs (the Jensen, Blank, Minhas, Stewart, and Singh model) were selected for this study, and the water sensitivity index of each model was calculated based on the evapotranspiration, yield, and the model equations. The Jensen model was found to be the most suitable WPFM for this region; furthermore, a mathematical relationship between the water sensitivity index and days after rice planting was established. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for guidelines regarding rice irrigation in Jilin Province.     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

北京油鸡与贵妃鸡杂交效果研究

本研究以北京油鸡和贵妃鸡为素材,比较北京油鸡♂×北京油鸡♀(YY)、贵妃鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀(GG)、北京油鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀(YG)、贵妃鸡♂×北京油鸡♀(GY)4种组合的外貌、体重、屠宰性能和肉质性状.结果表明:杂交后代凤头、胡须、毛腿、双五趾个体比例分别是99.4％、88.1％、95.2％和72.0％;6～20周体重显著高于贵妃鸡(P＜0.01),16周屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率高于北京油鸡(P＜0.01).以北京油鸡为母本的杂交组,同周龄体重有高于北京油鸡为父本杂交组的趋势,且屠宰率和胸肌率较高(P＜0.05),为最佳组合.     

高pH胁迫对“黄海1号”中国对虾免疫相关酶的影响

对高pH养殖水体中"黄海1号"中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)群体和野生群体的存活率,血清中的溶菌酶(LSZ)、酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力变化进行了测定.经高pH胁迫72 h后检测发现,在pH8.2～8.6,"黄海1号"和野生群体存活率均高于90%,两群体机体表现出一定的应激能力;在pH8.8～9.0时,"黄海1号"及野生群体死亡率都急剧增加,几种免疫相关酶类较在pH 8.6时都有较高幅度的变化,"黄海1号"的死亡率及酶突变程度均小于野生群体;在pH 9.2时,2群体的死亡率及体内的几种免疫相关酶活性变化幅度继续增大,但2群体间差异减弱;在pH 9.4时,两群体中国对虾全部死亡.比较发现,当海水pH在一定的范围内升高时,"黄海1号"免疫能力要高于野生群体.     

臭氧对不同介质中弧菌的杀灭效果研究

选用飘浮弧菌、副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌3种弧菌作为实验材料,研究了臭氧对不同介质中弧茵的杀灭效果。结果表明,将臭氧浓度为0．27mg／L的臭氧化海水加入到不同介质中杀菌效果差异显著,在纯海水中4～6min即可达到100％的杀灭率;在可溶性淀粉(SS)浓度为40mg／L的海水中需要10min才能达到100％的杀灭率;在牛血清蛋白(BSA)浓度为40mg／L的海水中,12min后杀灭率仅为90．69％～94．07％。在海水中加入淀粉和牛血清蛋白,臭氧的杀菌效果下降,二者比较牛血清蛋白对臭氧杀菌效果的影响明显大于淀粉。     

籼稻精米重量性状的发育遗传分析

采用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了籼稻4个发育时期的精米重量性状.结果表明三倍体胚乳和二倍体母株基因的加性效应和显性效应以及细胞质效应可以明显影响各个稻米发育时期的精米重量,但主要为二倍体母株的核基因效应,其次为三倍体胚乳核基因效应.基因加性效应在稻米4个发育时期的精米重量表现中起着主要作用,选择可以取得良好的改良效果.条件方差分量分析结果表明,胚乳、细胞质和母体植株中控制精米重量性状表现的基因在多数稻米发育时期均有新的表达,且以稻米发育前期为主,其中开花后第8～14日是控制精米重量性状表现的基因表达最为活跃的时期,各遗传体系在接近稻米成熟时(开花后第22～28日)的新基因表达量尤其是基因的加性效应会明显下降,一些基因效应尤其是净细胞质效应存在着个别发育时期间断表达的现象.稻米不同发育时期的条件和非条件遗传效应预测值表明,作5等亲本可以明显提高后代的精米重量.     

烟丝结构对主流烟气中NNK逐口释放量的影响

为研究卷烟主流烟气中NNK的逐口释放量与烟丝结构间的关系,设计制作不同烟叶类型和烟丝组成的卷烟样品。通过RM20 H吸烟机连接逐口抽吸单元实现对主流烟气粒相物的自动化逐口捕集,并参照烟草总公司标准运用HPLC-MS/MS实现对NNK释放量的定量及变化趋势分析。结果表明：（1）烟丝结构对卷烟NNK的总释放量具有较大影响,调整烟丝配方及降低白肋烟比例可以有效减少NNK的总释放量。（2） NNK的逐口释放量随抽吸口序增加呈线性增加趋势;5口后,迅速下降;在前5口抽吸过程中,烟丝比例及白肋烟比例高的样品逐口释放量较高;第6口,烟丝及白肋烟比例的影响逐渐减弱。（3）烟叶类型、烟丝组成与NNK的逐口释放量（1~6）口间均存在较强的线性回归关系,其复相关系数（R）为0.951 R 0.999,通过适当降低白肋烟比例,增加膨胀烟丝比例可以降低NNK前5口每口释放量。     

鸡的钙磷营养与科学利用

在现代养鸡生产中,钙磷饲料的科学利用是保证养鸡生产成功的关键问题之一,也是饲料生产企业非常关注的问题。如何根据鸡对钙磷营养需要的原理：在生产中科学地使用钙磷饲料应该引起重视。     

转基因技术在畜牧兽医中的发展前景

通过简要叙述转基因动物研究的发展简史、研究现状和存在问题 ,对转基因动物育种、药物生物反应器、组织器官移植 ,以及基因治疗和免疫等前景进行了综述。在此基础上 ,从畜牧兽医角度出发提出了追踪发展趋势的几点思考。     

警犬作业各不同多种形式破命案

训练有素的警犬,往往具备多种形式的作业能力。在公安实战中,针对案件现场条件的不同,有经验的带犬民警会选择不同的作业形式去指挥引导警犬,或追踪,或鉴别,或搜索,或综合应用。正确有效的指挥引导,成为了警犬技术破案的关键,本期选登的案例,正是说明了这一点。