皖西南地区春播牧草的适应性研究

对皖西南地区春播的9个牧草品种的适应性,草产量和营养成分进行分析,结果表明:墨西哥玉米、菊苣、杂交狼尾草、甜高粱产量高,干草产量和鲜草产量均在95 t/hm2和15 t/hm2以上,适应性强,品质优良,适合在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。苦荬菜和籽粒苋产量中等,蛋白质含量高达22%以上,青绿多汁,适口性好,可以做为优质牧草在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。饲用玉米、皖草2号、苏丹草产量较低,鲜草产量均在70 t/hm2以下,饲用玉米无再生性,皖草2号、苏丹草在高温条件下病虫害严重,种植时应该注意病虫害防治。     

紫花苜蓿对九种杂草的化感作用

试验运用生物测定法研究了紫花苜蓿叶化感物质对九种受体植物的作用.结果表明,紫花苜蓿叶提取物对多变小冠花的发芽势和发芽率具有抑制作用,与对照差异显著(P＜0.05);提取物对高羊茅种子的发芽势有促进作用,与对照差异显著(P＜0.05),其最终发芽率也增加(P＜0.05);除狗尾草外,其余八种受体植物的胚根长度都受到紫花苜蓿叶提取物的抑制,与对照的差异均显著(P＜0.05);提取物对稗草、狗尾草、高羊茅、毛马唐和多变小冠花的苗长具有促进作用,与对照差异均显著(P＜0.05);反枝苋的苗长则受到抑制(P＜0.05);提取物对受体植物的幼苗鲜重均有不同程度的影响,虎尾草、匍匐翦股颖、巴哈雀稗、反枝苋和多变小冠花幼苗鲜重明显降低,与对照差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).     

家蚕肾形卵的荧光差异显示分析

Liang等建立的mRNA的荧光差异显示法 (flourescentdifferentialdisplay,FDD)具有高效、安全、有用信息多等特点。利用这一方法在mRNA水平上探讨了肾形卵 (ki)与正常卵在初期胚胎阶段的基因表达 ,回收了差异片段 10条 ,并对其差异进行了验证。其中之一的片段序列分析表明为低分子量热激蛋白基因 (smallheatshockgene)。     

Proteomics analysis of preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers

ABSTRACT

1. Reducing excessive chicken body fat deposition is a main goal of the poultry industry. Preadipocytes are important in adipose tissue growth and development.

2. To discover proteins related to chicken fat deposition, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in preadipocytes derived from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF).

3. A total of 46 differentially expressed protein spots were found in the preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis showed the protein spots corresponded to 33 different proteins. The proteins were mainly related to biological oxidation, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, molecular chaperone, protein synthesis and signal transduction.

4. From the perspective of protein expression, these results lay a foundation for further study of the genetic mechanism of broiler adipose tissue growth and development.     

6个种源地不同桑树品种叶柄解剖结构与水分运输能力初探

叶柄是水分和营养物质在茎和叶间运输的重要组织。采用石蜡切片技术和木材离析技术,分析6个种源地不同的桑树品种一年生扦插苗叶柄的显微结构特征,对叶柄的水分运输能力和抗蒸腾能力进行评价,并对桑树的抗旱性进行探讨。结果显示在6个桑品种中,吴堡桑的叶柄角质层和厚角组织厚度较小,但维管束最为发达,具有较高的维管束面积占比、中等水平的导管直径和最大的导管长度,水分运输能力最强,同时还能保持对栓塞较强的抵抗性,推测其抗旱能力可能较强,适宜种植在较为干旱的地区;育711号的叶柄角质层较薄,云果桑1号叶柄的厚角组织最薄,这2个品种的叶柄具有较多的维管束,但其维管束面积占比、导管孔腔面积以及导管直径在6个品种中较小,故抗蒸腾能力与水分运输能力均较低,其抗旱能力可能相对较弱,更加适合在水分充足的环境中生长。研究结果为阐释桑树叶柄结构、水分运输能力与桑树抗旱能力之间的关系提供了一定的实验依据。     

四川省部分地区山羊沙门氏菌健康带菌率及耐药性调查

为了解四川省山羊沙门氏菌带菌情况,本试验采集了四川省部分地区5个规模化山羊养殖场表观健康山羊粪便196份,经BPW预增菌、TTB选择性增菌后,采用靶向invA基因的PCR方法检测沙门氏菌的带菌率;对阳性样本进行细菌分离鉴定,随机选择25株沙门氏菌分离株测定其对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,山羊沙门氏菌的平均带菌率为54.59%。药敏试验结果显示,分离株均对丁胺卡那敏感,而对其余14种抗菌药物呈不同程度的耐药,多重耐药菌株占88%,其中耐2~7种药物的占52%,耐9~13种药物的占36%。结果表明,四川省部分地区山羊的沙门氏菌健康带菌率较高,且多重耐药性普遍,其公共卫生意义值得进一步研究。     

Sampling and Investigating Zearalenone Contamination of Feeds and Feedstuffs of Pig Farms in Beijing Area

本研究采用免疫亲和柱高效液相色谱法测定了北京地区猪场饲料原料及全价饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的含量,以了解北京地区饲料中ZEN的污染情况.试验抽样采集北京市昌平区、大兴区、延庆区、平谷区、顺义区5个区县15个猪场131份饲料样[55份玉米、豆粕、麸皮、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)原料,76份猪全价饲料]进行ZEN含量的测定.结果表明:玉米、豆粕、麸皮、DDGS和全价饲料中ZEN的检出率分别为100.00％、54.45％、100.00％、100.00％和58.88％,超标率分别为0.00％、0.00％、0.00％、41.18％和0.00％,平均含量分别为109.08、9.19、14.92、882.68和58.88 μg/kg.结果提示,不同饲料原料中ZEN含量存在差异,DDGS中ZEN平均含量超标,猪全价饲料及玉米、豆粕等饲料原料中ZEN平均含量均未超标.     

胚胎期高温处理对家蚕生长发育及部分经济性状的影响

用 3 4℃、RH80 %的环境处理 2 0余个家蚕品种的己 + 2 期胚胎 ,结果表明 :高温处理对某些品种的幼虫经过、幼虫体重、全茧量、茧层量等有明显影响 ,对健康性、茧层率无明显影响 ,对丝质无实质影响 ;高温处理对家蚕生长发育和经济性状的影响纯种间存在差异 ,杂交种受影响比纯种小。因此认为 ,高温处理对家蚕生长发育、经济性状的影响不会成为伴性温敏基因和雄蚕品种利用的限制因素 ,部分不良影响可以通过常规育种手段加以解决     

家蚕中赤蚁(sch)和油蚕(od)基因对数量性状影响的遗传分析

应用家蚕BC1世代数据 ,按标记基因型重新组合成 4种类型 ,以消除标记基因型间的差异。在 4种重新组合类型中就赤蚁 (sch)和油蚕 (od)基因对茧长、全茧量和茧层量等 3种数量性状的作用进行了遗传分析 ,发现这 2种质量性状基因对茧长的影响是由与茧长主基因相连锁的连锁效应引起的 ,而sch对全茧量和茧层量可能产生减效作用。F和t测验表明 ,这 2种数量性状值在 4种基因组合类型间无论是方差比值还是平均数都达到显著或极显著水平 ,所以可认为其差异是标记基因型差异所导致的结果     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.