苜蓿遗传转化的研究进展

综述苜蓿遗传转化研究中,再生体系构建及基因导入方法的研究进展。     

DNA甲基化与肿瘤研究进展

对肿瘤研究的不断深入,发现除了基因突变之外,表观遗传改变也与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。肿瘤表观遗传的改变以DNA的异常甲基化为主。DNA的异常甲基化几乎存在于任何类型的人类肿瘤中,包括皮肤恶性肿瘤。DNA甲基化是指在DNA甲基化酶的作用下,以S-腺苷酸-L-甲硫氨酸为甲基供体,将甲基转移到特定碱基上的过程。基因的正常功能除了依赖于正常结构外,还依赖于正常的甲基化状态。DNA的异常甲基化在肿瘤发生中起重要作用。     

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）陈庄，魏平华（广东省农科院畜牧研究所广州５１０６４０）２转基因家畜生物反应器研究的进展目前，转基因动物研究有三大焦点：一是转基因方法研究；二是利用转基因动物来研究动物基因的表达调控机制；三是利用转基因动物生产非常规畜牧产...     

Surgical decompression,with or without adjunctive therapy,for palliative treatment of primary vertebral osteosarcoma in dogs

Vertebral osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary vertebral tumor in dogs, however studies examining the survival time after surgical decompression of these tumors are limited. There is also limited information regarding the benefit of adjunctive treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy in these patients. The goal of this study was to determine survival time of dogs with primary vertebral OSA after palliative decompressive surgery alone and combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Records from 22 client‐owned dogs diagnosed with primary vertebral OSA and treated with decompressive surgery were collected retrospectively from eight referral institutions. Survival time was assessed for dogs treated with surgery alone as well as dogs who received adjunctive radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Median survival time in the 12 dogs treated with surgery alone was 42 days (range: 3‐1333 days). The three dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy had a median survival time of 82 days (range: 56‐305 days). Only one dog was treated with surgery and radiation therapy; this dog survived 101 days. Six dogs were treated with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy; these dogs had a median survival time of 261 days (range: 223‐653 days). Cause of death in all cases that survived the initial postoperative period was euthanasia secondary to confirmed or suspected tumor regrowth. The results of this study suggest that definitive radiation therapy, possibly combined with concurrent chemotherapy, significantly improves survival in dogs treated with palliative decompressive surgery for vertebral OSA and should be the treatment of choice in selected cases.     

空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

空肠弯曲杆菌（Campylobacter jejuni）是一种人兽共患病病原菌,给养殖业带来了较大经济损失。为实现对空肠弯曲杆菌的快速检测,针对其MapA基因序列设计特异性引物,优化反应条件和反应体系,建立了空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行了评估。结果显示：建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性,仅能特异性扩增出空肠弯曲杆菌,对胎儿空肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌无交叉反应;敏感性较强,最低检测限为6.42 copies/μL;以5个稀释度的重组质粒为模板分别进行组内和组间重复性试验,发现组内和组间Ct值变异系数（CV）均小于2.50%,说明该方法具有良好的可重复性。结果表明,本研究建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR具有良好的特异性、敏感性及重复性,可用于空肠弯曲杆菌的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

局地尺度高寒草原土壤真菌多样性对地上植物多样性与生产力关系的调控作用

为研究局地尺度高寒草原土壤真菌多样性对地上植物多样性与生产力关系的调控作用,本研究以青海省湟源县局地尺度高寒草原为研究对象,对不同植物多样性梯度的地上生产力、土壤理化性状和土壤真菌多样性等指标进行调查、采样和分析。通过偏回归分析（partial least squares regression,PLSR）、方差分解分析（variance partitioning analysis,VPA）、构建结构方程模型（structural equation model,SEM）等分析手段,分析了土壤真菌多样性对地上植物多样性与生产力关系的调控作用。结果表明,高寒草原植物多样性与地上生产力存在显著线性正相关关系;土壤真菌多样性分别与植物多样性和地上生产力呈显著正相关关系;通过PLSR,VPA,SEM等方法控制土壤非生物因子效应后,真菌多样性与二者的显著正相关关系仍存在。综上所述,局地尺度下青海省湟源县高寒草原土壤真菌多样性是调控地上植物多样性与生产力正向关系的关键生物因子。     

2010—2019年安徽省执业兽医资格考试现状

为了解安徽省执业兽医资格考试现状,完善执业兽医考试制度,切实提高执业兽医水平,全面分析了安徽省执业兽医资格考试报名及通过情况、参考人员年龄结构、学历分布和职业构成等。结果显示：2010—2019年,安徽省共有10 423人参加执业兽医资格考试,其中3 684人达到农业农村部公布的助理执业兽医师和执业兽医师最低分数线,通过率为35.3%。执业兽医队伍逐步年轻化,30岁以下占58.0%,大专生以上学历达到50.0%。从业人员主要集中在行政机关和诊疗机构,报考人数少、从业人员比例低等问题比较突出。由此为执业兽医资格考试发展方向提出了建设性建议,包括完善执业兽医准入制度,完善执业兽医考试制度,建立执业兽医继续教育制度。     

不同封育年限对宁夏荒漠草原土壤粒径及碳氮储量的影响

封育禁牧的时间效应已经成为科学和政府决策关注的焦点,研究以宁夏盐池县典型荒漠草原围封6、10、15年样地的围栏内外2种主要土壤类型——灰钙土和风沙土为研究对象,基于样线调查法及方差分析法,探究不同封育年限对荒漠草原颗粒组成及土壤碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:1)封育会导致灰钙土及风沙土土壤细颗粒含量增加,灰钙土封育6年样地土壤细颗粒较围栏外增加量最明显,后随封育年限的增加而呈现增幅减少的趋势;风沙土封育15年样地围栏内土壤细颗粒增加量高于封育6年样地。2)灰钙土及风沙土封育6年样地均表现为围栏内土壤碳氮(有机碳、全碳、全氮)含量高于围栏外,而围封10年及15年样地围栏内外土壤碳氮含量没有明显差异。3)灰钙土围封6年样地围栏内土壤碳氮比高于围栏外,而围封10年及15年样地无此规律,围封不会影响风沙土土壤碳氮比。围封可以有效使土壤颗粒细化,但不同土质对封育年限的响应有所差异,人工封育的最佳时间尺度应根据草原退化程度和草原不同土壤条件而定。     

牧草种质库的建立与管理

通过纵观种质研究在国内外的发展及现状,本文主要就牧草种质库类型、工作程序、资料登记与管理及种质干燥与贮藏技术进行了讨论。     

Potential effects of glucocorticoids on serum iron concentration in dogs

Prednisone was give norally(2mg/kg b.i.d.) to seven healthy mixed breed dogs for 3 consecutive days. Serum iron concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 142 +/- 26 micro g/dl (mean +/- SE) before a drug adminis- tration on Day 0 to a maximum of 307 +/- 47 micro g/dl on Day 2, and returned to the Day 0 value by Day 5. Mean total iron binding capacity did not vary more than 25% from the Day 0 value during the 9 day long study. The percent saturation of transferrin with iron increased from 33 +/- 6% on Day 0 to a maximum of 71 +/- 9% on Day 3. This determination had decreased to 34 +/- 3% on Day 5. No statistically significant changes occurred in these parameters studied in six control dogs that were not given the drug. To determine whether serum iron concentration might be correlated with endogenous serum cortisol concentration, these tests were determined in serum collected from nine dogs at 7 a.m., 3 p.m., and 11 p.m. each day for 3 consecutive days. Serum iron concentration was lower at 7 a.m. (147 +/- 9 micro g/dl) than at 3 p.m. (164 +/- 9 micro g/dl) or 11 p.m. (159 +/- 10 micro g/dl). Likewise serum cortisol was lower at 7 a.m. (1.29 +/- 0.18 micro g/dl) than at 3 p.m. (1.49 +/- 0.19 micro g/dl) or 11 p.m. (1.51 +/- 0.22 micro g/dl). There was a significant positive linear correlation between serum iron and serum cortisol concentrations when they were compared using mean values for each dog. From these studies, it appears that exogenously administered glucocorticoids and endogenous increases in serum cortisol concentrations may result in increased serum iron concentrations in dogs.