农药混配室内毒力测定的一种实验技术

本文介绍了一种用于测定杀菌剂之间相互作用的实验设计，笔者借且作杀虫剂混配室内毒力测定，该实验设计具有覆盖面宽，成功率高，工作量小等特点。     

河南省烟草病毒的小RNA测序检测

To identify viruses in Henan tobacco-planting areas, from 2015 to 2017 and 2019, 288 symptomatic tobacco samples were collected and then subjected to small RNA sequencing. Results showed that at least 7 viruses were detected from these samples which including four previously reported viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV). Other three viruses, wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV), brassica yellows virus (BrYV), and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) were firstly detected in Henan province. However, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) were not detected from these samples. In addition, CMV, TMV, PVY, TVBMV, and BrYV were the dominant viruses infecting tobacco in Henan Province.     

天山中段雪岭云杉树干液流变化及其与气象因子的关系

运用热扩散式探针和自动气象站对雪岭云杉树干液流密度及气象因子进行了同步观测,研究雪岭云杉树干液流密度变化特征及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明:树干液流密度日变化随着太阳辐射出现周期性;晴-多云天气下液流密度呈单峰曲线变化趋势;阴雨天呈多峰曲线,与晴-多云天气相比液流密度较低且升幅较小。树干液流密度夜间变化平缓,不论晴天还是阴雨天夜间仍存在一定液流。气象条件对云杉树干液流存在显著影响(P<0.05),光合有效辐射强度为影响雪岭云杉树干液流的主导因子。     

First molecular genotyping of voltage gated sodium channel alleles in Culex quinquefasciatus populations in Malaysia

A nationwide investigation was performed to detect the presence of 1014 mutation(s) in voltage gated sodium channel (kdr) gene of Culex quinquefasciatus from 14 residential areas across 13 states and a federal territory in Malaysia. Molecular genotyping of kdr mutation was performed via a modified three tubes allele-specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and direct sequencing of kdr gene. Based on the results of AS-PCR, homozygous susceptible (SS) genotype was found in nine out of 14 populations with 38 individuals from a total sample size of 140. Heterozygous (RS) genotype was most predominant (99 individuals) and distributed across all study sites. Homozygous resistance (RR) genotype was detected in Perak (one individual) and Selangor (two individuals). The resistance kdr allele frequencies ranged from 0.1 to 0.55, with the highest being detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus population from Selangor. This study has documented the first field-evolved instance of 1014F mutation in Malaysian mosquitoes and the findings of this study could be utilized in the implementation of strategic measures in vector control programs in Malaysia.     

Identification and expression pattern of a glutathione S‐transferase in Echinochloa crus‐galli

Plant glutathione S‐transferase (GST) forms a major part of the herbicide detoxification enzyme network in plants. A GST cDNA was isolated from Echinochloa crus‐galli and characterised. The gene, designated EcGST1 (E. crus‐galli GeneBank no: JX518596 ), has a 684 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 25 kD protein. Sequence alignment showed that EcGST1 is a GST homologue. Its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was monitored in seedlings (leaves and roots) and adult plants (leaves, roots, stems and seeds) of quinclorac‐resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of E. crus‐galli. EcGST1 expression was 1.5–3 times greater in the R plants than in the S plants. However, after exposure to quinclorac, the difference in the expression levels of EcGST1 in R plants, compared with S plants, increased to a ratio of 6–10. Enhanced EcGST1 levels should enable greater quinclorac detoxification following quinclorac stimulation in R plants. GST‐based metabolism may be partially responsible for resistance to quinclorac in E. crus‐galli. The results suggest a new resistance mechanism for this R biotype in Chinese rice fields.     

Using synergists to detect multiple insecticide resistance in field populations of rice stem borer

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), an important insect pest of rice in China, has developed resistances to several classes of insecticides in field. In order to investigate multiple resistance mechanisms, synergistic tests were conducted with the Ruian (RA) population and Lianyungang (LYG) population, two representative populations to different insecticides. Results showed that diethyl maleate (DEM), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), had no significant synergistic or inhibitory effect on the high level of resistance to monosultap (313.4-fold) and moderate level to chlorpyrifos (36.9-fold) in Ruian field population from the year 2011 (RA11). DEF significantly synergized the activity of triazophos in RA11 population (536.8-fold), with synergism ratio of 1.92. DEF and PBO significantly suppressed 43.3% and 40.4% of resistance to fipronil in RA11 population (48.4-fold), respectively, with the synergistic ratios of 1.76 and 1.69. When pretreated with PBO, the activity of deltamethrin against RA11 population were significantly synergized, with synergism ratio of 9.57, and with reducing resistance levels from 152.5- to 15.9-fold. The results of this study indicated that resistance to several classes of insecticide among the field populations of C. suppressalis might be provided by the combination of the multiple resistance mechanisms. Metabolic resistance mechanism might be the major reason for the evolution for resistance to deltamethrin and fipronil, while resistance to monosultap, triazophos and chlorpyrifos is not associated with metabolic resistance.     

GC-NCI-MS快速检测食用菌中菊酯类农药

建立了气相色谱-负化学离子化质谱法（GC-NCI-MS）快速检测食用菌中6种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。前处理对QuECHERS方法进行优化,样品用含0.5%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,PSA吸附剂净化,GC-NCI-MS选择离子监测（SIM）方式对6种菊酯类农药进行检测。结果表明：6种拟除虫菊酯农药在0.007～5.0mg/L的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 2～0.999 9;最低检测浓度为1～3mg/kg;添加浓度为0.05mg/kg时,平均回收率为87.0～103.6%,变异系数为3.2～17.3%;添加浓度为0.1mg/kg时,平均回收率为82～99%,变异系数为2.1～14.5%。     

嘧菌酯·戊唑醇50%悬浮剂防治水稻纹枯病田间试验研究

为有效防控水稻纹枯病,开展了嘧菌酯·戊唑醇50%悬浮剂田间试验研究。采用38、75、112g(a.i.)/hm23个浓度兑水后进行田间喷雾,施药3次后第7d对水稻纹枯病平均防效分别为75.94%、85.69%、95.47%。经方差分析,供试药剂不同剂量处理间防效相比,差异显著,中剂量处理与对照药剂处理相比差异不显著,各药剂处理与空白对照相比差异均呈极显著。试验证明嘧菌酯.戊唑醇50%悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病具有较好的防治效果,且药后对水稻安全,在发病前施药效果更好,使用剂量以75～112g(a.i.)/hm2为宜。     

不同条件下韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种活性抑制的研究

研究了不同温度、pH值、杀虫剂和杀菌剂的影响下,韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种的抑制作用,以确定韭菜汁在不同条件影响下对病菌的活力。结果表明,在试验的各温度处理后,55℃以上的温度对韭菜汁的成分有破坏作用,菌落的生长受到显著影响。韭菜根汁对病菌孢子的抑制作用不受pH值的影响。酸性至弱碱性情况下,韭菜茎汁对病菌孢子萌发的抑制率为100%;在强碱性条件下,韭菜茎汁中物质的活性促进了孢子的萌发。供试杀虫剂和杀菌剂对韭菜汁的成分无明显破坏作用。