松脂采集权转让价确定方法初探

阐述了松脂采集权是森林资源产权的重要组成，其转让价由松林资源培育成本和管护费用分摊，森林资源附属设施和设备等投资分摊，松脂生产对木材生产造成的损失构成，并提出了其计算方法和应用建议。     

逆向云在垩白识别中的应

在云理论的基础上提出了一种无需人工干预的垩白识别方法.在此方法中,把垩白与非垩白定义为两个定性概念,以一个不对称云和一个对称云来表达垩白与非垩白,以两组数字特征分别描述垩白云与非垩白云.首先,利用动态阈值算法获得训练样本,然后设计逆向云发生器实现定量到定性的转换,最后根据两个云的隶属度函数,用极大值判定法来实现垩白区与非垩白区的分离.试验结果表明,云分类法分类精度高于传统的硬分类法.     

Converting restriction fragment length polymorphism to single‐strand conformation polymorphism markers and its application in the fine mapping of a trichome gene in cotton

A well‐characterized and systematically organized collection of genetic markers is crucial in the study of any crop species. It is the basis of map‐based gene cloning and crop improvements through marker‐assisted selections. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been a robust way of discovering new polymorphisms in marker development without the requirement of sequencing. Here, we report the first approach of applying SSCP marker discovery methods in the genetic map construction and gene mapping of cotton species. A total of 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were selected from a region on published cotton genetic maps around the T1 gene related to cotton trichome. Among the 80 RFLPs, 28 showed polymorphisms through SSCP, showing a polymorphic rate of approximately 35%, which is much higher than that of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the same region (7.8%). By integrating these newly generated SSCP markers, a detailed genetic map was reconstructed around this region using an F₂ population derived from a cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. herboceum. The reconstructed region comprises 22 SSCP markers, eight SSR markers and the T1 gene, spanning 21.6 cM. The marker order of the new map agrees well with published reference RFLP maps. The above results suggest that SSCP method can be applied very efficiently and reliably to the marker development of cotton genomes. It will prove to be even more valuable and robust after the public release of cotton whole‐genome sequences.     

荔枝真空冷冻干燥关键技术

为了确定荔枝真空冷冻干燥工艺关键技术参数,以成熟的‘乌叶’荔枝为材料,采用电阻法测量荔枝果肉的共晶点和共熔点温度,通过考察冻干品色泽比较不同护色剂的护色效果,以冻干生产能耗、总冻干时间及冻干品外观形态与色泽等指标进行综合评定冻干效果,优选荔枝真空冷冻干燥工艺关键技术参数。结果表明：荔枝真空冷冻干燥物料的共晶点温度、共熔点温度分为-26℃和-17℃,采用“0.6%柠檬酸”单一护色剂或“0.4%柠檬酸+0.2%维生素C”复合护色剂浸泡20 min,对荔枝冻干品有良好护色效果。冻干过程起始板温控制在80℃以下,升华阶段物料最高温度设定为55℃,升降温期干燥仓真空值组合选择60~70 Pa/60~70 Pa,可节省冻干生产能耗、缩短总冻干时间,同时能改善冻干品的外观形态与色泽。     

Quantifying the respective and additive effects of nectar plant crop borders and withholding insecticides on biological control of pests in subtropical rice

Conservation biological control avoids the need for mass releases of costly agents and the risks associated with introducing exotic agents by promoting existing natural enemies. This is done by alleviating insecticide-induced mortality and by manipulating the habitat to provide resources such as nectar, but there is a dearth of information on the relative and interactive effects of these two approaches. Here we used a large-scale factorial experiment with plots comprised of entire fields to test the effects of, and interactions between, withholding insecticides and planting borders of sesame (Sesamum indicum) on natural enemies and pests over 2 years. We used yellow sticky traps, sweeping netting and sentinel bait plants to monitor natural enemies and pests in the canopy and basal zones of the rice crop. Numbers of rice planthopper egg parasitoids and lepidopterous egg parasitoids in the rice canopy, as well as planthopper parasitism rates, were significantly greater in plots that were unsprayed and bordered by sesame, and scarcest in sprayed crops without sesame. Spraying of sesame-bordered crops gave parasitoid numbers similar to sprayed crops without sesame. Spiders in the canopy were significantly reduced in numbers by spraying, but there was no main effect of sesame borders. This study demonstrates that withholding insecticides and sowing nectar plant borders each have measurable as well as additive benefits on in-crop densities of ecosystem service providers responsible for predating and parasitising pests but the identity of the natural enemy determines the impact of these management practices.     

玉米根茬图像的分割方法

对保护性耕作留茬覆盖情况下田间玉米根茬图像进行了分割.选取采集图像的彩度信息作为对象,通过对几种常用的自动阈值选取算法的比较,选择了迭代法对田间图像进行分割.实验结果表明:该方法能够有效地将根茬目标与土壤背景分割开来,为下一步检测行茬直线并将其作为导航基准线进行视觉导航的研究提供了基础.     

Correlation between spontaneous feeding behavior and neuropeptide Y profile in the third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of goats

Feeding behavior is regulated by neural signals in the hypothalamus, but secretory activities of these signals in vivo and their relationship with spontaneous feeding remain to be solved. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SRIF) profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spontaneous feeding behavior in goats. CSF samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h from the third ventricle and feeding behavior was observed throughout the experimental period. The spontaneous feeding behavior, the mean duration of which was 58 min, occurred with an interval of 146 min. NPY in the CSF fluctuated in an episodic fashion with a 145 min interval. Each NPY episode was followed by spontaneous feeding with a time lag of 24 min. SRIF levels in CSF changed more frequently in a pulsatile manner and were related to neither NPY profiles nor feeding behavior. These results suggest that NPY, but not SRIF, is a physiological signal to drive feeding in goats.     

不同栽培条件下枣树幼果期光合作用日变化规律的研究

笔者以10年生壶瓶枣为试材,研究了枣树在灌溉、未灌溉、遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠5个处理下光合作用的日变化规律。结果表明:干旱条件降低了树体的光合作用,通过遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠可以提高树体的气孔导度,调节叶片的蒸腾,提高树体的光合速率,保证光合作用的进行。亚硒酸钠处理显著提高了叶片上午的净光合速率,气孔导度和蒸腾速率都比其他处理高。     

果桑大棚栽培试验调查

采用大棚覆膜栽培,桑果可提早13～20天成熟,使果型增大、大小均匀,达到增产、增效;并延长了桑果供应期,同时使大蚕期错开果桑旺采期,还可利用大棚养蚕.     

阔叶红松林倒木贮量动态研究

本文研究了中国吉林省长白山区阔叶红松林倒木贮量的动态变化规律。阔叶红松林倒木贮量包括其现有倒木及其年输入量等贮量的变化规律。阔叶红松林现有倒木贮量开始为16.25 t·hm-2,以后随时间减少,到100年分解掉其干重的85%左右,300年后所剩无几。倒木年输入量平均约为0.6 t·hm-2,其贮量是随时间而增加,200年后稳定在31 t·hm-2,可保持到该群落的顶级时期。倒木总贮量的变化在初期呈增加趋势,而后随着现有倒木的完全分解,倒木贮量就与其倒木的年输入趋于一致,最后稳定在上述水平上。图4表2参9。