猪德尔塔冠状病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank登录的猪德尔塔冠状病毒(PDCoV)毒株序列设计特异性引物,建立了检测PDCoV的实时荧光PCR方法。该方法在标准品浓度2.49×10~8~2.49×10~2 copies/μL范围内线性关系良好;特异性试验显示,其他几种常见猪病病毒未见典型扩增曲线;敏感性试验显示,最低检测下限为24.9 copies/μL;重复性试验显示,批内和批间变异系数小于3%。用该方法检测62份猪腹泻粪便样品,相比常规PCR方法,前者的检出率更高;两种方法检测1 168份进境活猪粪便拭子样品,结果均为阴性。结果表明,本研究所建立的方法适用于国内猪场的PDCoV的检测和进境活猪的监控检测,也可作为PDCoV的诊断及分子流行病学调查的技术手段。     

2017年全球低致病性禽流感疫情分析

基于世界动物卫生组织（OIE）全球动物卫生信息系统的疫病报告数据统计,2017年全球共有10个国家或地区报告发生57起低致病性禽流感疫情,除大洋洲和南极洲外,其他4大洲均有疫情报告。报告发现的低致病性禽流感亚型包括H5N1、H5N2、H5N3、H5N6、H5N9、H7N3、H7N6和H7N9等多个亚型,其中H5N2亚型疫情数最多,报告20起。从时间分布上看,气温偏低的1—3月份报告的疫情数最多,共报告40起。从疫情发生场点类型看,绝大多数疫情发生在规模场。综合来看,2017年全球低致病性禽流感疫情呈散发态势,但流行亚型众多,应持续保持关注。     

Biochar Mitigates Salinity Stress in Potato

A pot experiment was conducted in a climate‐controlled greenhouse to investigate the growth, physiology and yield of potato in response to salinity stress under biochar amendment. It was hypothesized that addition of biochar may improve plant growth and yield by mitigating the negative effect of salinity through its high sorption ability. From tuber bulking to harvesting, the plants were exposed to three saline irrigations, that is 0, 25 and 50 mm NaCl solutions, respectively, and two levels of biochar (0 % and 5 % W/W) treatments. An adsorption study was also conducted to study the Na⁺ adsorption capability of biochar. Results indicated that biochar was capable to ameliorate salinity stress by adsorbing Na⁺. Increasing salinity level resulted in significant reductions of shoot biomass, root length and volume, tuber yield, photosynthetic rate (A_n), stomatal conductance (g_s), midday leaf water potential, but increased abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in both leaf and xylem sap. At each salinity level, incorporation of biochar increased shoot biomass, root length and volume, tuber yield, A_n, g_s, midday leaf water potential, and decreased ABA concentration in the leaf and xylem sap as compared with the respective non‐biochar control. Decreased Na⁺, Na⁺/K⁺ ratio and increased K⁺ content in xylem with biochar amendment also indicated its ameliorative effects on potato plants in response to salinity stress. The results suggested that incorporation of biochar might be a promising approach for enhancing crop productivity in salt‐affected soils.     

干旱区工业废渣粉煤灰回填材料拌合物的流动性能研究

针对干旱区存在大量的粉煤类废弃物及回填工程中作业面受限或结构物死角存在压实不到位的工程问题,提出以粉煤灰为主要成分、以及部分砂、水泥的流动化回填材料,分析拌合物流动性能受材料掺量、时间影响的变化规律,建议采用坍落扩展度作为流动性能评价指标,水泥掺量对流动性能影响甚微,坍落扩展度与水固比成线性关系;同一种集料,不同粉煤灰掺量拌合物达到相同的流动性能,水固比呈先降后升的变化趋势;拌合物坍落扩展度在前60min内降低显著,随时间变化,坍落扩展度趋于一致,拌合物中集料颗粒越小,保持流动性的能力越强.     

The evaluation of the synergetic degree of ecology economy society system of China forestry during the last decade

Ecological ravages, environmental pollution, and the developmental problems of regional ecology, economy, and society are not geographical restrictions. The synergistic development of the ecology-economy-society system in forestry was quantitatively assessed by system theory and synergistic dynamic models, illustration of the metering principle and corresponding theory, assessing and quantizing synergistic development status of ecology-economy-society system, and the orderliness of the subsystem of the last decade. The orderliness of the ecology and ecological subsystems developed unstably with an increasing trend. The eco-environment construction and eco-conservation achievement of forestry in China are effective and need to be maintained. The industry structure should be improved to promote the growth of the forestry economy. The society subsystem development is increasing but is not at a high level, which indicates that the public demand to ecological service was not satisfied. The theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the development of the forestry system has a good development state. The synergy changes of forestry system in the 0 to 0.951 range, which is in the intermediate degree of synergy during this period. It still needs much improvement on efficiency of synergy. The orderliness and the relationship among the subsystems of forestry should be improved in future.     

火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

采用形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列、EF-1α序列比对和系统发育树分析的方法对引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌进行鉴定,并初步研究其生物学特性。结果表明:引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病是单隔镰刀菌(Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo),这是该菌引起火龙果果腐病在国内的首次报道。该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度25~35℃,最适温度30℃,适宜产孢温度25~35℃,最适产孢温度30~35℃,致死温度75℃(10 min);适宜pH5~9,最适pH7,最适产孢pH4;连续光照、D-果糖为碳源、牛肉膏和蛋白胨为氮源时最有利于该菌菌丝生长;完全黑暗、D-半乳糖为碳源、尿素为氮源时最有利于该菌产孢。综合分析认为,该菌耐高温,光照充足、弱酸和富含有机营养的环境有利于该菌的生长和繁殖。     

内毒素对大鼠小肠黏膜组织的影响及多价阳离子A的保护效应

旨在揭示大肠埃希菌内毒素(ET)对大鼠小肠黏膜的结构、绒毛长度、上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL)的数量和分布的影响,并探讨多价阳离子A(CA)对上述指标的保护效应。选用72只140g~150g SPF级SD大鼠随机分为3组,即对照组、ET组和CA保护组,经相应处理后分别在3、4、8、12h采集十二指肠、空肠组织作为检测样本,制备病理组织切片,HE染色并利用图像分析系统进行分析。ET组十二指肠和空肠绒毛长度在3、4、8、12h均显著低于对照组和CA保护组(P0.01),ET组十二指肠、空肠IEL数量在3、4、8、12h均显著低于对照组(P0.01);CA保护组十二指肠和空肠IEL数量在4、8、12h均显著高于ET组(P0.01)。结果显示,ET在不同程度上能够破坏小肠黏膜的正常组织结构,降低小肠绒毛长度,减少IEL的数量,从而影响小肠正常的吸收和免疫功能,而CA则能明显降低ET所导致的毒性作用,发挥其保护效应。