花[鱼骨]人工繁殖技术的研究

本文主要研究了花[鱼骨]的繁殖生物学和人工繁殖技术。经过实验摸清了花的性成熟年龄和成熟最小型,性腺的发育状况,花的繁殖力、产卵时间和水温、雌雄鉴别等;比较了不同催产药物对花的催产效果,2008年催产率达100%,受精率95.3%,孵化率95%,获鱼苗14.12万尾。     

一种贝类作为水产动物诱食剂的研究

一种贝类（ＡＳＬ）不仅蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成也比较全面,高不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,甜菜碱含量高达２８９ｍｇ／ｇ。向饲料中添加１％的ＡＳＬ粉,发现其对金鱼的诱食活性不仅显著高于空白对照组,而且显著高于化十香组;饲料中添加０３％的ＡＳＬ粉,异育银鲫摄食量显著高于对照组,六周增重率比对照组提高３３％,这些结果表明ＡＳＬ作为水产动物诱食剂具有很高的开发利用价值。     

卤虫虾片对水体pH值的影响

通过喂养中国对虾幼体试验，分别以卤虫虾片试验组和传统饵对照组进行。试验表明，在幼体成活率方面，前者稍优于后者，在养殖水体的最主要指标PH方面，二者差别不大。说明投喂卤虫虾片对中国对虾幼体的成活率和水质无良影响，用低值的卤虫虾片代替部分或全部高价的活体饵料是切实可行的，能够满足育苗需要。     

斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系

本文运用生物学统计方法对2700尾斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在本试验条件下,斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长主要集中在15．5—17．5cm,体重主要集中在20～35g;体重与全长之间存在极显著相关关系;体重与全长之间的关系主要表现为幂函数关系,其关系式为Y=0．009X2．933。     

海洋暖化和酸化对黄姑鱼早期生长发育的影响

以黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)为研究对象,根据IPCC 2013典型浓度排放路径(RCP)对2100年海洋温度和p H的预测值,分别选择减缓温室气体排放情景(RCP 2.6)和高温室气体排放情景(RCP8.5),设置温度和p H两个因素,在实验室条件下模拟气候变化,探究海洋暖化和酸化对黄姑鱼早期生长、发育的影响。结果显示,在基础温度24.0℃条件下,黄姑鱼进入稚鱼期的时间为25 d,高温处理(26.0℃~28.0℃)生长加快,仅为22 d,同时,随着温度升高(26.0℃、26.6℃和28.0℃),生长率逐渐增加(0.73、0.74和0.78 mm/d),并且各处理组之间生长率存在显著差异(P0.05),但死亡率在26.6℃最高,26.0℃最低。黄姑鱼死亡率在p H为7.80、7.73和7.49时分别为3.9%、19.4%和21.7%,各处理组死亡率差异显著(P0.05),但p H对黄姑鱼早期生长率影响不显著(P0.05)。通过逻辑斯蒂生长方程拟合,结合IPCC对2100年温度和p H的预测,到2100年,在RCP 2.6情景下,黄姑鱼早期生长率为0.71 mm/d,死亡率为31.1%;在RCP 8.5情景下,黄姑鱼生长率最高达到0.76 mm/d,死亡率为23.9%。在海洋酸化和暖化的共同作用下,黄姑鱼的早期补充将会受到影响。     

循环水养殖条件下鞍带石斑鱼生长特点研究

通过对鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)为期5个月的养殖监测试验,研究循环水养殖条件下鞍带石斑鱼的生长特点。采用线性拟合、指数拟合、乘幂拟合的方法,分析了鞍带石斑鱼全长、体重生长与养殖时间,以及全长与体重的最佳拟合曲线。结果表明:鞍带石斑鱼全长生长与养殖时间以线性回归为佳(y=2.791x-15.716,R2=0.951 2);体重生长与养殖时间以指数回归最佳(y=2.432 3e0.32x,R2=0.996 5);全长与体重以乘幂回归为最佳(y=0.007 3x3.262 8,R2=0.945 3)。对鞍带石斑鱼全长与体重的幂函数关系分析,表明鞍带石斑鱼属正异速生长型(b=3.262 8),说明本研究条件下的循环水养殖模式适用于鞍带石斑鱼的养殖。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg^?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg^?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.     

中华鳖CD3γ/δ、CD3ε和CD3ζ分子的克隆与表达分析

本研究克隆了中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)T细胞表面标记分子CD3γ/δ、CD3ε和CD3ζ的基因,分析了其在组织/器官表达的分布,并进一步揭示了嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromanas hydrophila)感染后这些基因的表达变化。中华鳖CD3γ/δ和ε分子结构相似,均含有1个免疫球蛋白样结构的胞外区、1个跨膜区和含有1个ITAM结构域的胞浆区。与之不同的是,CD3ζ含有1个仅由10个氨基酸组成的胞外区、1个跨膜区和含有3个ITAM结构域的胞浆区。通过生物信息学分析显示,CD3γ/δ由6个外显子和5个内含子组成,CD3ε由7个外显子和6个内含子组成,且CD3γ/δ和CD3ε位于染色体Scaffold JH208224中反向排列且相距9.9 kb。CD3ζ位于染色体Scaffold JH209116.1上,由8个外显子和7个内含子组成。荧光定量PCR分析显示,CD3γ/δ、ε和ζ在脾、肝、肠、血液中表达量较高,在胸腺、肾、心脏、肌肉和肺中表达量低。腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌12 h后,CD3γ/δ、ε和ζ在胸腺中都呈显著的上调表达,分别为对照组的69.3倍、85.7倍和163.4倍,表明细菌感染可以诱导CD3分子的表达。     

不同饵料对中华虎头蟹幼体发育和存活率的影响

为探讨中华虎头蟹苗种繁育过程中饵料及投喂的影响,进行了不同饵料对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体和大眼幼体生长发育和存活的影响实验。实验结果,中华虎头蟹各期幼体生长发育效果较好的饵料为动物性饵料,Z1期以卤虫无节幼体为开口饵料,只投喂扁藻后期幼体发育较差;Z2以轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的搭配为好;Z3期则以轮虫为适宜饵料;M期投喂卤虫无节幼体效果相对较好。