农业灌溉节水潜力及回归水利用研究进展

目前,对农业灌溉节水潜力尚未形成一个统一、公认的概念,相应的评价和计算体系也没有很好地建立起来.对农业灌溉节水潜力方面的研究成果进行了全面的回顾总结,提出了存在的问题和以后研究的重点.指出不同尺度回归水重复利用的量化是合理计算真实节水潜力的关键.最后,对回归水重复利用研究计算方法进行了归纳总结,提出了考虑回归水重复利用率的灌溉节水潜力评价思路.     

2BM-6型原茬免耕播种机单体驱动的研究

通过对播种机整体驱动和单体驱动进行比较,以及对几种单体驱动播种机加以分析,指出目前单体驱动播种机存在的几个问题。根据2BM-6型原茬免耕播种机的整体结构需要及该机的应用范围,设计出单铰限位式前仿形前驱动结构,并通过生产试验验证这种驱动形式的可靠性和先进性。     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.     

Effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury in mice with hyperthyroidism

AIM To explore the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury induced by hyperthyroidism in mice. METHODS Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group （n=20） and L-thyroxine （T4） group （n=20）. The mice in T4 group were intraperitoneally injected with T4 diluent at a dose of 1 mg/kg to induce hyperthyroidism, and those in control group were injected with normal saline of the same volume. After 7 weeks, the mice were weighed and dissected, the kidneys were removed and weighed, and the length of tibia was also measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the kidney tissues were detected. The pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by HE staining. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）-modified proteins, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 （IRAK1） and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 （TRAF6） were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with control group, the body weight of the mice was decreased, while the kidney size and weight were increased significantly in T4 group. In addition, the ratios of kidney weight/body weight and kidney weight/tibia length were also increased （P<0.05）. In T4 group, the renal tubules were enlarged, and the epithelial cells of renal tubules were swollen and exfoliated, with vacuolar degeneration. Furthermore, reduced SOD activity, and increased MDA content and 4-HNE-modified proteins were found in T4 group, all of which were related to oxidative stress （P<0.05）. The levels of inflammation-related proteins IRAK1 and TRAF6 were significantly increased in T4 group （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Excessive T4 may lead to kidney hypertrophy and injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response.     

Relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease

AIM: To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E(apoE) gene polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: A case-control study was undertaken detecting the polymorphism of apoE by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).RESULTS:(1)The frequencies of 3/4 genotype and 4 al ele in AD were significant ly higher than that in age-matched controls(P<0.05).(2)The frequency of G/G genotype for apoE IE1 in AD was significantly higher than that in age-mat ched control(P<0.05).(3)The apoE 4 al ele was associated with a tripling of the risk for AD compared with no 4 allele(odd ratio 2.932, 95%CI 1.379~6.226);Homozygosity of the G allele in IE1 was associated with adoubling of the risk for AD compared with the G/C and C/C genotypes(odd rat io 2.223, 95%CI 1.075~4.599).However, the IE1 G al ele is also closely associated with apoE 4.When the sample was split on the basis of apo Egenotype, the associat ion between IE1 G/G genotype and AD was no longer statistically significant.CONCLUSION: ApoE ε4 was a risk factor of AD, and the apparent association between IE1 G/G and AD is a consequence of the association between the ε4 and IE1 G/G genotype.     

低温播种对春玉米出苗及苗期生理参数的影响

以金产5号为试验材料,在培养箱中进行盆栽模拟试验,设定5℃、7℃、9℃、11℃4个播种温度处理,测定出苗率和3叶期相关生理参数,研究金产5号最适播种温度。结果表明,5℃~9℃播种春玉米能够出苗,5℃播种出苗率偏低(86.42%),7℃~9℃播种出苗较好(89.38%~96.88%)。5℃、7℃、9℃处理的植株脯氨酸含量和还原糖含量显著高于11℃处理;5℃处理PEPC活性高于7℃、9℃、11℃处理;5℃、7℃处理的过氧化物酶活性显著高于9℃、11℃处理,可溶性蛋白含量随播种温度的降低而降低,说明土壤温度在7℃以上是金产5最适播种温度。     

吉林省玉米推荐施肥指标体系的建立

通过总结2004~2014年间课题组在吉林省开展的田间试验及2005~2013年吉林省玉米"3414"田间肥效和校验试验资料,按土壤养分(播前耕层土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾及10叶期0~90 cm土层土壤硝态氮)含量对土壤进行分级,进一步结合目标产量,初步建立以根层硝态氮调控为核心的总量控制、分期实时实地精确监控的玉米氮肥推荐施肥指标体系以及基于养分平衡和土壤测试的磷、钾肥恒量监控推荐施肥指标体系,为吉林省玉米合理科学施肥提供一定参考。     

利用90K基因芯片进行小麦株高QTL分析

为给小麦株高标记辅助选择提供可供选择的分子标记,并进一步对株高QTL进行精细定位及相关基因克隆,以小麦骨干亲本周8425B和小偃81衍生的包含102个家系的RIL群体(F_8)为材料,利用90K芯片标记构建高密度遗传图谱,在3个环境下对株高进行QTL检测。结果表明,所构建的图谱含有9 290个SNP标记,覆盖了小麦21条染色体的63个连锁群,图谱总长3 894.64cM,平均标记密度为0.42cM。共检测到9个控制株高的QTL,分布于1B、4A、4D、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体上,变异解释率为2.23%~16.25%。QPh.nafu.4D、QPh.nafu.4A、QPh.nafu.1B-2与前人定位到的位置相同或相近。QPh.nafu.7A具有较大的LOD值(8.17)和变异解释率(14.69%),为主效QTL。QPh.nafu.6B、QPh.nafu.7B-1、QPh.nafu.7B-2均能在多个环境下使用多种QTL检测方法定位到,可能为新的较稳定的控制株高的QTL。     

农杆菌介导的小麦成熟胚遗传转化影响因素分析

为解决农杆菌介导的小麦成熟胚遗传转化效率较低的难题,以春小麦Bobwhite成熟胚为外植体,分析植物激素、愈伤组织预培养时间、侵染时间和共培养阶段干燥处理对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织遗传转化的影响,并在遗传转化处理中辅以3个组织再生相关基因(TaSERK1、TaSERK2、TaNiR)的qRT-PCR分析。结果表明,愈伤组织预培养阶段添加适量的2,4-D和Picloram均可诱导成熟胚愈伤组织的形成,但是2mg·L~(-1)Picloram培养基中愈伤组织的胚萌发率为20.78%,远高于2,4-D诱导的胚萌发率(11.38%);共培养阶段对农杆菌侵染的愈伤组织进行干燥处理能适当提高愈伤组织的转化效率;qRT-PCR分析发现再生相关基因TaNiR相对表达量的增加能适当提高愈伤组织的转化率。     

水稻紫鞘染色体片段代换系Z519的鉴定及PSH1候选基因分析

花青素是广受人们喜爱的植物色素,在食品加工、杂种纯度鉴定中具有重要的作用。本研究鉴定了一个以日本晴为受体、优良紫鞘恢复系R225为供体亲本的紫鞘水稻染色体片段代换系Z519。Z519共含有16个代换片段,分布于除第10染色体外的其他11条染色体,平均长度为6.85 Mb。Z519在芽鞘3 mm时鞘尖呈现紫色,其后在叶鞘、叶缘、茎维管束和柱头等部位出现紫色线条,而日本晴各部位均为绿色。Z519叶鞘中花青素含量极显著高于日本晴,剑叶中没有显著差异。与受体日本晴相比,Z519的株高显著降低,千粒重、主穗总粒数和实粒数显著增加,有效穗数、主穗长和结实率无显著差异。进一步以日本晴与Z519杂交产生的F1和F2群体对紫鞘基因进行了遗传分析和分子定位。该紫鞘表型受显性单基因控制,位于第1染色体In Del标记L03和SSR标记L01之间37.8 kb的区域,被命名为PSH1。对该区间进行候选基因预测和测序,Z519在一个编码质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白的LOC_Os01g45910基因第一外显子的第238~252碱基的GTG重复区又多插入了GTG 3个碱基,导致增加了一个甘氨酸。q RT-PCR结果进一步表明其表达量在Z519中明显降低,初步确定LOC_Os01g45910是PSH1的候选基因。该研究为PSH1调控花青素的分子机制奠定了良好基础。