山毛豆对小白鼠的亚慢性毒性试验研究

为开发山毛豆(Tephrosia canadida DC.)作为蛋白质饲料资源,进行了山毛豆亚慢性毒性试验,即在饲粮中用山毛豆叶粉替代20%、40%和60%的基础日粮饲喂小白鼠,对各组小白鼠的采食、生长、脏器系数及组织切片等指标进行了测定和分析。结果表明:①试验期间,小白鼠活动正常,对照组和试验组小白鼠都没有死亡;②试验组小白鼠的各脏器无明显肉眼可见剖检病变;③试验组小白鼠的各脏器系数与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);④40%和60%试验组小白鼠肝脏、肾脏的组织形态发生轻微变化,其他脏器均正常。研究结果表明,山毛豆草粉可安全用于动物饲料中。     

叶绿体色素的提取方法改进及其应用

对叶绿体色素的提取和制备方法进行了改进。结果表明:用改进后的方法测定叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量,能有效的避免方法误差,具有快速、准确、重现性好的特点。     

降低浓缩果汁中不溶物含量的技术研究与产业应用

果汁加工过程中,为延长超滤有效运行时间,以富士苹果、秦冠苹果为材料,研究了酶解工序中使用复合纤维素酶对超滤通量和有效运行时间的影响,并进行了产业化应用。结果表明:添加复合纤维素酶,降低了酶解罐和超滤潴留罐中不溶物的含量,提高了超滤通量,延长了超滤运行时间,且对浓缩苹果汁的可溶性固形物含量、色值、浊度等品质指标没有影响;复合纤维素酶适宜的添加量为30~100mL/t;经过产业化应用发现,采用该技术,加工成熟度较大的苹果,超滤运行时间从13~16h延长到20~24h,超滤每周期有效运行时间提高45%以上,且平均通量比正常工艺提高10%以上。     

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.     

稻/草-鹅农牧结合模式的综合效益及种养技术初探

1997－1999年在江苏省常熟市构建稻／牧草－鹅复合系统，并进行田间试验，结果表明，稻／草－鹅农牧结合模式与传统的稻／麦生产模式相比，不但具有明显的社会效益，经济效益，而且能显著提高土壤肥力，有效控制冬季田间杂草，进而大幅度降低田间除草剂，杀虫剂施用量，保护农田生态环境，总结了该模式的种养式技术，并提出了该模式的发展策略。     

保护性耕作下小麦和豌豆投入产出能值分析

应用能值分析的基本理论和方法,探讨了传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作+地膜覆盖(TP)、免耕+地膜覆盖(NTP)等不同耕作模式下小麦和豌豆的投入产出能值,测算了其净能值产出率、能值投入率、宏观经济价值。结果表明:同一耕作方式下,种植小麦能值投入大于豌豆,豌豆能值产出是小麦的5倍以上,且豌豆宏观经济价值远远大于小麦;不同耕作方式下,两种作物净能值产出率均为免耕处理大于相应的耕作处理;由于传统耕作的三种模式人工和机械费用的投入远高于免耕三种模式,使得耕作处理下能值总投入大于相应的免耕处理;免耕+秸秆覆盖处理下,小麦和豌豆净能值产出率和宏观经济价值均达到最大,分别达到了0.64、3.93和9.26、53.1。说明免耕+秸秆覆盖不仅能够实现节约投入,而且可以增产增收,能够达到生态经济效益的最优。     

血吸虫的抗原伪装研究进展

抗原伪装是包括寄生虫在内的病原体的一种逃避宿主免疫反应方式.血吸虫在宿主间的转移实验证明了血吸虫具有抗原伪装现象.在血吸虫生活史的主要阶段均发现了许多与宿主相同的抗原以及众多的免疫抑制物质.这些物质有些是血吸虫自身表达的,有些是血吸虫结合的宿主抗原.它们通过掩盖血吸虫抗原等多种机理伪装血吸虫进而使血吸虫逃避宿主的免疫攻击.     

北京地区常用类型日光温室的冬季气温特性分析

以生产上常用的4种类型日光温室为研究对象,其后墙(从内到外)的材料分别为37 cm红砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm红砖、20 cm陶粒砌体砖+10 cm珍珠岩+20 cm陶粒砌体砖、寿光型机推土墙、37 cm红砖+12 cm聚苯板.根据4种类型日光温室的结构参数与建筑材料,分析其采光性能与后墙墙体热工性能,并在2010～2011年冬季对日光温室室内外气温进行测量.结果表明:2010～ 2011年冬季北京市气温属于正常偏冷.后墙为37 cm红砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm红砖的日光温室的热阻为3.41 m2 K·W-1,冬季室内平均气温为14.4℃,夜间平均气温10℃以上,最低气温在6℃以上;寿光型机推土墙温室冬季室内平均气温为12.4℃,夜间平均气温8.4℃以上,最低气温在4.6℃以上;这两种类型日光温室基本上能够保证冬季果菜类蔬菜生产.20 cm陶粒砌体砖+10 cm珍珠岩+20 cm陶粒砌体砖的日光温室与37cm红砖+12 cm聚苯板的日光温室冬季室内气温均较低,最低气温在0℃左右,夜间平均气温在5～7℃之间,冬季只能进行耐寒叶菜类蔬菜生产.     

Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves white matter lesions in hypertensive rats

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) improves white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (n=33) were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=9), treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlusion (RHRSP-modified 2VO) + ambrisentan (n=12)] and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO + vehicle (n=12)]. Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition. The protein levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cortex, corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively. The severity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology. RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant. The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency (P<0.05), more times of crossing platform (P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen (P<0.05), respectively, improved WMLs severity (P<0.05) and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION:Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.     

Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos

Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.