磁化水膜下滴灌对新疆棉田土壤脱盐效果的影响

通过3a试验研究了磁化水膜下滴灌对土壤脱盐效果及对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：磁化水能有效的降低土壤含盐量,促进棉花生长发育,提高棉花产量和品质。在0-60cm土层,磁化水的纯脱盐率在20%～30%,同时对土壤中的SO42-、Cl-含量也有明显的降低。磁化水滴灌棉花较对照增产皮棉144.7kg/hm2,可增收2025.8元/hm2,磁化水滴灌促进了棉花的增产增收。     

滇黄芩毛状根的诱导及其黄芩苷含量测定

本文利用发根农杆菌A grobacterizum rhizogenes1.2556感染滇黄芩再生苗的茎段和叶片,建立了毛状根培养及其植株再生体系。毛状根可直接从受伤的茎、叶外植体表面产生,在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。毛状根茎段的诱导率较叶片高,最高可达到14.44%;经rolB基因PCR分析和甘露碱纸电泳检测,证明Ri质粒T-DNA已整合到滇黄芩基因组中并表达;毛状根在附加6-BA2mg/L和NAA0.2mg/L的MS固体培养基上直接诱导不定芽,并在MS培养基上生根,形成再生植株。获得的毛状根系经MS液体培养基培养30d后通过HPLC都能检测到黄芩苷,其中1个转化系黄芩苷含量为2.59%,是药材黄芩的0.20倍,而从3年单位时间黄芩苷生成量计算,毛状根是药材黄芩的7.18倍。本研究建立的毛状根培养体系,将对滇黄芩转基因技术的完善和利用毛状根生产黄芩苷的生物转化提供了实验基础。     

Bioaccumulation and Effects of Heavy Metals in Crayfish: A Review

Metal pollution is a global problem which represents a growing threat to the environment. Because of bioaccumulation and negative effects of heavy metals, their bioavailability needs to be monitored. Many studies showed accumulation of metals in crayfish tissues as dose- and time-dependent without significant differences in tissue concentration levels comparing males and females. Muscles and exoskeleton were considered as specific for accumulation of mercury and nickel, respectively. Cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, and chromium accumulated mainly in hepatopancreas. By analyzing these specific tissues, it is possible to deduce the bioavailability and, by presumption, the level of environmental pollution by specific metals. However, in the case of zinc and copper, their utility is limited to assessing bioavailability because rapid depuration of these metals renders them less useful for long-term environmental monitoring programs. The literature reporting heavy metal impacts on freshwater crayfish, with reference to accumulation levels, is reviewed and summarized with respect to their suitability as bioindicators. Summarized published data from unpolluted or control localities can be used as referential values in crayfish, and consequently help with evaluation of monitored sites.     

竹荪深层发酵菌丝体多糖对小鼠免疫功能及抗肿瘤活性的影响

通过竹荪深层发酵菌丝体多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖、细胞白介素－２（ＩＬ－２）的诱生及Ｓ－１８０肿瘤细胞的作用实验，证实其发酵菌丝体多糖可明显提高小鼠淋巴细胞数量（Ｐ＜００１）；对ＩＬ－２诱生作用极为明显（Ｐ＜００１）；对小鼠Ｓ－１８０实体肿瘤的抑瘤率为５８９％（Ｐ＜００１）。     

生乳与UHT灭菌乳中糠氨酸含量及其测定方法研究

本文研究了生乳与UHT灭菌乳中糠氨酸含量及其测定方法,并提出糠氨酸作为UHT灭菌乳中复原乳成分的标示物质,以鉴定UHT灭菌乳中是否掺入复原乳。结果表明,生乳中糠氨酸含量低于7mg/hg(按蛋白质计);乳粉中糠氨酸含量大于135mg/hg,不含复原乳的UHT灭菌乳中糠氨酸含量应小于140mg/hg(按蛋白质计)。使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)紫外检测糠氨酸含量,平均偏差<5%(n=5);回收率为98.2%。     

铬的生物学功能及其在动物体内的代谢

通过对铬元素的各项理化特性、来源、代谢及生物学功能进行详细的对比、调查和研究，进一步阐述了铬元素的代谢机制、生物学功能与铬在家畜营养学、生物科学及人体医学等方面的重要作用。表明铬元素对人类的生产生活，科学技术的发展有着很高的研究价值。     

硒增强雏鸡对IBD抵抗力机制的细胞免疫研究

为了解硒对雏鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）抵抗大的影响及其细胞免疫机制，自１日龄起给雏鸡分别饲喂基础（含硒０．０８６ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、补硒０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的不同日粮，于４９日龄采用微量全血培养￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定其中自然发生ＩＢＤ后第１０天和正常对照雏鸡的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率，并计算ＩＢＤ鸡死亡率。结果，两补硒组ＩＢＤ雏鸡死亡率显著低于基础日粮组ＩＢＤ雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＢＤ明显抑制雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１）；补硒的正常对照雏鸡和ＩＢＤ雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率分别高于各自基础日粮雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果显示补硒可提高雏鸡细胞免疫功能，从而增强雏鸡对ＩＢＤ抵抗力，降低雏鸡死亡率。     

Extending the postharvest life of carnations with nitric oxide—comparison of fumigation and in vivo delivery

The ability of nitric oxide (NO) to extend the postharvest life at 20 °C of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White-Sim) was investigated using delivery by gas-based fumigation and in vivo release via a solution containing the NO donor compound 2,2′-(hydroxynitrosohydrazino)-bisethanamine (DETA/NO). Treatment with NO gas in air at 1 and 5 μl l⁻¹ produced about a 30% increase in postharvest life while DETA/NO applied in solution at 10 mg l⁻¹ extended postharvest life by about 50% when dissolved in water. For flowers, use of solid delivery appears to offer a more convenient and more effective method of NO treatment than gaseous fumigation to extend postharvest life.     

鲜食糯玉米农艺性状与鲜穗产量的灰色关联度分析

以正在参加黄淮海国家糯玉米区域试验的19个新品种为材料，利用灰色关联度分析方法，对11个农艺性状与鲜穗产量进行了关联度分析。结果表明，糯玉米农艺性状与产量关联度的大小依次为穗粗﹥穗行数﹥穗长﹥株高﹥收获期﹥行粒数﹥轴粗﹥穗位高﹥鲜百粒重﹥鲜出籽率﹥秃尖长。穗粗、穗行数、穗长、株高是影响糯玉米鲜穗产量的主要因素，而鲜穗百粒重、鲜出籽率、秃尖长度对产量影响则较小。但影响鲜穗产量的主要因素在不同产量水平品种中存在一定差异     

冀鲁豫夏玉米区玉米杂交种群体生育型演变──Ⅰ．演化阶段与演进基本途径

在实验基础上,从群体生育型演变进化角度分析了冀鲁豫夏玉米区六十年代初至九十年代初三十年间玉米杂交种种性提高的自然现象,明确了玉米杂交种群体生育型以产量行为与抗斑一倒行为的持续改良为基本途径演进。极端杂交种株粒重提高了４８．４％,叶斑指数与倒折率分别下降了４．３与１．２个百分点。演进过程界定为四个演化阶段：Ⅰ．六十年代,以新单１、白单４为代表;Ⅱ．七十年代前期,以群单１０５、丹玉６为代表;Ⅲ．七十年代后期至八十年代初,以郑单２、博单１为代表;Ⅳ．八十年代前期至九十年代初,以烟单１４和掖单２为代表。玉米杂交种群体生育型演变进化遵循“多元动态代谢结群,系统吐纳循序渐进”的生物进化规律。