去毒桐籽粕饲用价值的探讨

桐籽粕含有多种醇、二萜脂等有毒物质,因而长期以来只能用于肥料。桐籽粕中含代谢能5.46MJ/kg,粗蛋白质约36.13%,赖氨酸1.43%及较多的铁。小白鼠、肉用仔鸡饲养试验及屠宰测定试验表明:在肉用仔鸡前期日粮中加入5%～8%的桐籽粕,虽然略逊于优质蛋白质饲料,但作为中、低档蛋白质饲料资源,仍具有开发价值。     

Optical spectroscopy of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes of defined chiral structure

We simultaneously determined the physical structure and optical transition energies of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes by combining electron diffraction with Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy. These results test fundamental features of the excited electronic states of carbon nanotubes. We directly verified the systematic changes in transition energies of semiconducting nanotubes as a function of their chirality and observed predicted energy splittings of optical transitions in metallic nanotubes.     

北京口岸奥运前后进境植物检疫截获疫情分析

2005～2010年间,恰值北京奥运会前后,在这一期间北京口岸植物检疫共检出有害生物4 298种次,其中以2005年最多,达到1 261种次、其次为2007年880种次和2009年724种次,而2008年奥运年出现最低点为441种次。有害生物来源涉及64个国家和地区,其中美国最多,达到776种次,其次为荷兰为373种次。涉及不合格植物及产品259种次,其中苗木中不合格批次最多的竹芋达到100批次,占到总不合格数的3.27%,此外凤梨和百合不合格批次也较多,分别达到87批和67批。而截获检疫性有害生物频次最多的是芒果果核象,达到73次,其次为辣椒果实蝇、苹果蠹蛾分别达到33、32次。本文通过对2005～2010年间北京口岸检疫截获疫情的汇总、分析,为同行提供参考。     

越南香枝木解剖构造及物理力学性能研究

确定了越南香枝木中文名为越南黄檀。对越南香枝木的构造特征进行解剖研究,并测试了越南香枝木主要的物理力学性能。结果表明,越南香枝木密度大,干缩率中等,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量高、端面硬度高。此外,比较了越南香枝木与海南香枝木的构造特征,结果显示两者之间管孔、木射线与轴向薄壁组织差异较为明显,可以作为鉴别依据。     

The challenges of reusing mining and mineral-processing wastes

Mining and mineral-processing wastes are one of the world's largest chronic waste concerns. Their reuse should be included in future sustainable development plans, but the potential impacts on a number of environmental processes are highly variable and must be thoroughly assessed. The chemical composition and geotechnical properties of the source rock determine which uses are most appropriate and whether reuse is economically feasible. If properly evaluated, mining waste can be reused to reextract minerals, provide additional fuel for power plants, supply construction materials, and repair surface and subsurface land structures altered by mining activities themselves.     

饲喂不同种类粗饲料的辽宁绒山羊瘤胃内酸碱环境及氮代谢的研究

本试验选择9只年龄3．2±0．2岁、体重50．4±2．6kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年辽宁绒山羊公羊为试验动物。采用随机区组设计,将动物分为3组,分别饲喂给以玉米秸、大豆秸、花生秸为主的1、2、3号试验日粮,每天8：00和16：00饲喂,全天自由饮水。试验预试期15d,试验期15d,连续7d测排尿量,采集瘤胃液、尿液,研究瘤胃内酸度和氮代谢参数。结果表明：三组的瘤胃液pH、乳酸浓度、总酸度、TVFA和戊酸均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。从试验1组到3组,瘤胃液TVFA浓度、乙酸浓度、丙酸浓度、异丁酸浓度、丁酸浓度、异戊酸浓度均呈增加趋势;其中试验3组的丙酸和异丁酸、异戊酸均显著（P〈O．05）高于1组;并且试验3组的丁酸极显著（P〈0．01）高于1组;其他的差异不显著（P〉0．05）。试验1组瘤胃NH4-N极显著（P〈0．01）低于试验2组和试验3组,而后两组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;试验1组uN浓度显著（P〈0．05）低于试验3组,但与试验2组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;三个试验组瘤胃液BCP浓度和MCP合成量均差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但试验2组与3组BCP浓度和MCP合成量均高于试验1组。相关分析表明,瘤胃MCP（Y,g／d）合成量与瘤胃液TVFA（x,mmol／L）浓度存在显著相关关系：y=2．32x＋2．22,r2=0．61,P〈0．05;瘤胃MCP（y,g／d）合成量与瘤胃液丙酸浓度（X,mm01／L）存在显著相关关系：y=0．23x＋9．68,r2=0．64,P〈0．05;瘤胃液MCP（Y,g／d）与UN（x,mg／L）存在显著的线性关系：y=1．32x＋2．53,r2=0．78,P〈0．05。因此,以花生秸为主的日粮瘤胃液BCP浓度、MCP合成量较高,秸秆粗饲料转化利用效率较好,提高该日粮的能量蛋白水平会进一步增加微生物蛋白的合成和动物对其的利用。     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

外源NO对花楸树胚胎萌发和幼苗发育初期活性氧积累的影响

以花楸树成熟合子胚胎为材料,利用室内培养皿发芽法研究外源NO供体(SNP)、NO合成抑制剂(PTIO)、脱落酸(ABA)以及乙烯受体抑制剂(NBD)对花楸树胚胎萌发和幼苗发育初期活性氧(ROS)积累的影响.结果表明:光照条件下SNP预处理可减弱PTIO或ABA对胚胎萌发的抑制作用,但不能减弱NBD处理对胚胎萌发的抑制作用.SNP预处理显著增加幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量,但这种增加效应不能被PTIO解除.PTIO抑制SNP预处理引起的幼苗叶片中过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和超氧阴离子含量的增加.SNP预处理解除PTIO对根部超氧阴离子含量的抑制作用.研究结果为阐明胚胎萌发过程中反应氮调节的(NO依赖型)休眠解除和ROS积累的关系奠定基础.     

pH对产叶酸植物乳杆菌叶酸产量及相关基因表达的影响

叶酸是细胞代谢的重要中间体,人类由于缺乏叶酸生物合成途径中的关键酶,需要从膳食中摄取叶酸。由于谷氨酸尾数目的差别,生物合成的叶酸更容易被人体利用。一些植物乳杆菌菌株可以合成叶酸,但培养条件对叶酸合成有较大影响。选择一株高产叶酸的植物乳杆菌4_3菌株,探讨了在同一培养基中,不调节pH和使pH稳定在6.0对其生长状况和叶酸合成的影响。比起不调节pH,维持pH 6.0可以长期保持较高的活细胞密度。实时荧光定量PCR的结果显示,在pH 6.0的培养基中,叶酸合成相关基因表达量均要高于不调节pH的培养基。     

自行式牛蒡播种机关键部件的有限元仿真与设计

牛蒡作为一种重要的经济作物而被广泛的种植生产,但在其播种作业中,主要依靠人力,生产效率低,播种效果不理想,人力成本高。为了解决上述问题,设计了一种自行式牛蒡播种机,以实现播种的半自动化。通过UG建立整体模型,导入虚拟仿真平台,验证机构的合理性及可行性。为此,基于有限元分析软件ANSYS workbench,对重要受力部件部件进行静力学与模态仿真,验证关键部件的强度刚度是否满足实际工作需要。静力学分析结果表明:该机可以满足牛蒡播种的工作要求。最后,通过参数优化选择试制试验样机,进行实际检验,得出结论:播种滚子满足实际生产中的强度与刚度需要。