OBJECTIVE: To define the vertical position of the patella in clinically normal large-breed dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cadavers of 13 clinically normal large-breed dog. PROCEDURE: Both hind limbs were harvested with intact stifle joints and mounted on a positioning device that allowed full range of motion of the stifle joint. Lateral radiographic views were obtained with the stifle joints positioned at each of 5 angles (148 degrees, 130 degrees, 113 degrees, 96 degrees, and 75 degrees). Vertical position of the patella through a range of motion was depicted on a graph of mean stifle angle versus corresponding mean proximal patellar position (PPP) and distal patellar position (DPP) relative to the femoral trochlea for each dog. Ratio of length of the patellar ligament to length of the patella (L:P) was determined for each dog. Overall mean, SD, and 95% confidence intervals for L:P were calculated for all dogs. RESULTS: Evaluation of vertical position of the patella through a range of motion revealed a nearly linear relationship between joint angle and PPP and joint angle and DPPF Evaluation of L:P results did not reveal significant differences between limbs (left or right) or among joint angles. Overall mean +/- SD L:P for all dogs was 1.68 +/- 0.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 2.03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The L:P proved to be a repeatable measurement of vertical patellar position, which is independent of stifle angles from 75 degrees to 148 degrees.This measurement could be used as a quantitative method for diagnosing patella alta and patella baja in large-breed dogs. 相似文献
Analysis of nestling food in four species of Parus and one species of Ficedula using the 'Halsringmethode' showed a high quota of adults and caterpillars of the important forest pests: Tortrix viridana, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Diprion pini, and Lymantria dispar. These four major pest species amounted in the nestling food of Parus major to 50%, P. coeruleus to 52.6%, P. ater to 40.9%, and Ficedula hypoleuca to 30.2%. 相似文献
The fluorescent antibody (FA) assay was developed for detecting the stunting syndrome agent (SSA) from intestinal tissue. Similarly, the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay was developed for detecting serum antibodies to SSA. Convalescent antiserum from turkeys orally immunized with SSA was found to be the primary antibody of choice for the FA assay. Intestinal jejunal samples from poults inoculated 3-4 days postinoculation (DPI) was found to be the best antigen source for the IFA assay. SSA was detected from the intestinal tracts of experimentally inoculated birds at 2 DPI with highest level of reactivity at 3 DPI by the FA assay. After 4 DPI the level of SSA infectivity of the intestines waned to low levels. Serum antibody was detected from experimentally inoculated birds as early as 7 DPI with all birds tested seroconverting by 12 DPI. These assays should prove useful for future studies concerning stunting syndrome. 相似文献
The roots of 20 days old seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the time of their transplantation, were dipped in 10−8, 10−7, 10−6 or 10−5 M of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) for 15, 30 or 45 min and were allowed to grow in earthen pots, in a net house. The leaves of the plants, at days 30 and 60, possessed elevated quantities of nitrate reductase (NR), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the contents of chlorophyll. The values for all the above characteristics were significantly higher than that of the water-fed control. The fruits borned at the treated plants were more in number and possessed a lower quantity of ascorbic acid than the control. Moreover, the fruits at ripening, had higher levels of lycopene and β-carotene. Among the treatments, 15 min feeding of 10−8 M HBR proved best. 相似文献
Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench] is a highly productive crop plant, which can be used for alternative energy resource, human food, livestock feed or industrial purposes. The biomass of sorghum can be utilized as solid fuel via thermochemical routes or as a carbohydrate substrate via fermentation processes. The plant has a great adaptation potential to drought, high salinity and high temperature, which are important characteristics of genotypes growing in extreme environments. However, the climate change in the 21st century may bring about new challenges in the cultivated areas. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation. The advanced molecular and system biological tools provide new opportunities for breeders to select stress‐tolerant and high‐yielding cultivars. 相似文献
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density and monosex culture on growth, survival, yield and feed conversion ratio of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in concrete tanks. Juvenile prawns with an average weight of 1.8 g were stocked into triplicate tanks at densities of 5, 10, 15 and 20 prawns/m2, grown for 168 d and fed a 34% tilapia diet. Stocking density had significant effect on prawns. Final mean body weight decreased with the increasing density, being highest at 5 prawns/m2 (29.6 9). and lowest at 20 prawns/m2 (17.4 g). Total yield increased from 135 g/m2 (1,350 kg/ha) at a density of 5 prawns/m2 to 261 g/m2 (2,610 kg/ha) at density 15/mz to 245 g/m2 (2,450 kg/ha) at 20/mz. Feed conversion ratios were high and ranged from 3.7 (5 prawns/m2) to 5.6 (20 prawns/m2). In monosex culture of freshwater prawns stocked in triplicate tanks at a density of 5 prawns/m2 for 112 d, the all-male population had the best growth performance and feed conversion ratio, followed by the mixed-sex and all-female populations. The all-male population had 99% marketable prawns (>20 g) with an average yield of 159 g/m2 (1,590 kg/ha); the mixed-sex population had 90% marketable prawns and the yield was 135 g/mz (1,350 kg/ha); and the all-female population had 75% marketable prawns with an average yield of 108 g/m2 (1,080 kgha). 相似文献
Effects of exposing quail eggs to high temperature on the heat tolerance ability and productivity of birds were investigated. Four groups of 600 fertile eggs were randomly selected; the first group was incubated under 37.5 °C and the hatched chicks were reared under a gradual decrease in temperature from 35 to 24 °C (Control). The second group was exposed to 39.1 °C for 2 h/day during 4–14 days of embryogenesis and the hatched chicks were reared under a gradual decrease in temperature from 35 to 24 °C. The third group was incubated under 37.5 °C and the hatched chicks were exposed to 39?±?1 °C for 2 h/day during 4–14 days of age. The fourth group was exposed to 39?±?1 °C for 2 h during 4–14 days of embryogenesis and the hatched chicks were exposed to 39?±?1 °C for 2 h/day during 4–14 days of age. The temperature applied changed (P?<?0.01) embryo weight and incubation period. Birds exposed to high temperature during brooding had superior growth performance, dressed carcass, body temperature and health traits. Birds subjected to 39?±?1 °C during brooding exhibited decreased feed consumption and body weight gain. Finally, this work suggests that thermal acclimation during embryogenesis might offer a practical method for easing heat stress.