新疆陆地棉品种基础种质变化分析与创新

通过对新疆维吾尔自治区审(认)定棉花品种的来源及系谱分析,研究了棉花品种的基础种质资源,提出了多类型棉花品种创新方向及今后培育新品种的方法.研究为新疆棉花育种提供基础分析资料,具有较高的参考价值.     

氨基酸硒叶面肥对吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜叶片早衰生理特性的影响

[目的]研究叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥,对新疆吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜早衰生理的影响,筛选出秋季露地甜瓜早衰延缓和调控技术中氨基酸硒肥的最佳施用浓度和频次.[方法]在吐鲁番秋季露地栽培条件下,以露地甜瓜主栽品种'西州密17号'为试材,从初花期开始设置叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥处理,以清水为对照,分析不同浓度氨基酸硒肥对甜瓜叶...     

NaCl胁迫对三种胡颓子属植物幼苗活性氧清除酶与渗透调节物质含量的影响

为研究胡颓子属植物的耐盐性,以三种胡颓子属植物一年生幼苗为材料,在不同浓度的NaCl胁迫(0,50、100、200、300和350 mmol/L)处理30 d后,测定其叶片的膜脂过氧化产物、活性氧清除酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化.结果显示,在NaCl胁迫下,三种胡颓子属植物叶片的膜透性、MDA和H2O2含量均随NaCl浓度的升高而增加,表明NaCl胁迫致使胡颓子属植物膜脂过氧化程度加强,细胞膜稳定性受到破坏,其中东方沙枣的膜透性和MDA含量增加幅度较大,受到的盐害较大.而三种胡颓子属植物经受30 d盐胁迫后,其叶片中活性氧清除酶的活性变化似乎存在着不同的特性,在盐胁迫下除东方沙枣叶片SOD活性比对照低以外,其余的活性氧清除酶的活性始终高于对照,但变化幅度不一致;脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量随着胁迫程度的加重而不断增加,其中尖果沙枣叶片中的脯氨酸含量成倍增长,且可溶性蛋白含量缓慢增加,而大果沙枣与东方沙枣叶片可溶性蛋白含量先减后增的趋势.总之,NaCl胁迫下三种胡颓子属植物幼苗各项指标变化幅度的综合比较,尖果沙枣相对大果沙枣和东方沙枣显示较强的耐盐能力.     

中国三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量

为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究.结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1～4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89～342mg/kg、24～89mg/kg和<24mg...     

玛纳斯河流域绿洲土壤养分空间变异特征与格局

运用经典统计学及地统计学的半变异函数定量研究了玛纳斯河流域绿洲表层土壤(0～10cm)中有机质、全氮、全钾和全磷4种养分含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:4种养分含量数据均服从正态分布,有机质、全氮和全磷的理论模型属于指数模型,全钾的则符合球状模型。全氮和全钾的空间自相关范围为24.18km和35.78km,空间结构上具有中等空间相关性,随机性因素引起的全氮和全钾的变异分别占48.93%和48.23%,是结构性因素(气候、母质、地形、土壤类型等)和随机因素(施肥、耕作措施、种植制度等)共同作用的结果;有机质和全磷的空间自相关范围为79.10km和82.63km,空间结构上具有强相关性,块金值与基台值之比分别为25.06%和20.00%,其空间变异主要由结构性因素引起的。在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下,通过Kriging插值研究了玛纳斯河流域绿洲土壤养分的空间水平分布规律并对土壤养分要素含量等级进行了评价。有机质、全氮和全钾具有南北部高,中间低,由南北向中心递减的趋势;有机质、全氮、全钾含量为较丰富以上等级面积分别占研究区的0%、97.91%、99.69%;全磷含量从中心往南递增,北部分布较均匀;全磷含量为较丰富以上等级的面积占研究区的10.62%。     

国际棉花品级实物标准黄色深度和反射率变化规律探讨

为了探索国际棉花品级实物标准在恒温恒湿环境下的变化规律，持续多年对恒温恒湿环境下保存的国际棉花品级实物标准的黄色深度和反射率进行检测。将每一实物标准的系列检测数据进行数理分析，拟合得出了每一块实物标准的变化规律及计算公式，可供在棉花品质检测工作中参考。     

新疆棉花产业发展与供给侧改革

简述了新疆棉花产业发展成效及其有利因素，分析了面临的问题、制约因素和市场需求，提出了新疆棉花产业供给侧改革方向、目标、任务和配套措施。     

Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody Against Swainsonine

In this test,BALB/c mice were immunized by SW-OVA for the preparation of monoclonal antibody against swainsonine (SW). Hybridoma cells that could secrete specific antibody against SW were prepared by hybridoma technique,and then the strain that secreted monoclonal antibody against SW designated 1F10 was prepared,and the chromosome average number of 1F10 cell was 45 to 50 couples. The ELISA titers of cell supernatant were 1:25 600, and that of ascites were 1:80 000.The subclasses of monoclonal antibody was IgG1,and the affinity constant was 1.14×10¹⁰,the purity of ascites antibodies was up to 98%,and the recovery rate was 80%.The result of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis proved that purified antibody had been obtained that the molecular weight of H-chain and L-chain of antibody was about 50 and 25 ku. The monoclonal antibody against SW specifically bound to SW determined by Western blotting. The linear range was 4 to 128 μg/mL (R²=0.9969) and no cross-reactivity was detected with BSA,gelatin,polylysine,me-Gal,etc. The result laid the foundation for immunodetection on SW and immunological prevention of animal toxic disease.     

Low Molecular Weight Polypyrmidine for Release and Size Controlled Process of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A process for controlling the size of Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) sorting was achieved by combining various centrifugation speeds with polypyrimidine’s properties of dispersion and release SWCNTs upon acid treatment. At first, the SWCNTs wrapped by polypyrimidine were sperated into different size by centrifugating at various speeds. Then, these size-selected hybrids were treated with H₂SO₄ (98 %) to release free SWCNTs from hybrids, meanwhile the copolymer was collected for reuse. The purity of the released size-controlled SWCNTs was found to be higher than the commercial SWCNTs. The simple synthetic procedure of the copolymer, the low cost of H₂SO₄ and low centrifugation speed allow the process of size-controlled SWCNTs sorting to more practical applications and industrial scaling up.     

基于光特征的新疆机采棉高产创建全程塑形调控技术

通过新疆机采棉高产创建的实践,在向"温"要产量的基础上挖掘从光要产量,因而总结了新疆机采棉全程塑形调控技术。本文从棉花种植21个关键环节阐述了塑形调控技术的目标与措施,打破了新疆以往只注重棉花群体优势,忽视个体优势不足问题,实现棉花促早发、生殖前移、生殖量增加、多结铃、结优质铃,从而达到高产稳产、提质增效的目的。塑形调控技术能塑造合理的群体、个体结构,提高肥水利用效率,实现棉农增产增收,提高新疆棉花综合生产能力和水平。