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881.
Muhammad Farooq Shahzad M. A. Basra N. Ahmad G. Murtaza 《Paddy and Water Environment》2009,7(1):55-63
Raising the rice seedlings in the nursery and its transplantation into the flooded fields is principal method of rice cultivation
in the world. Traditional nursery raising method in Pakistan is tedious and produces week seedlings, which reduces the final
yield due to high mortality. The potential of seed priming to improve the nursery seedlings and thus the transplanted rice
was evaluated in the present study. Seed priming tools employed during the investigation included traditional soaking (pre-germination),
hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening (KCl or CaCl2) (ψs-1.25 MPa) for 24 h (1 cycle), ascorbate priming (with 10 ppm ascorbate) for 48 h or seed hardening for 24 h. Priming
improved nursery seedling vigor and resulted in improved growth, yield and quality of transplanted rice. Osmohardening (KCl)
consequently resulted in the best performance, followed by osmohardening (CaCl2), hardening and ascorbate priming. Osmohardening (KCl) produced 4.28 t ha−1 (vs. 3.51 t ha−1 from untreated control) kernel yield, 10.27 t ha−1 (vs. 9.34 t ha−1 from untreated control) straw yield and 29.41% (vs. 27.31% from untreated control) harvest index. The improved yield was
attributed to increase in number of fertile tillers. 相似文献
882.
In seed priming, seeds are soaked in a solution of low water potential and dried back to their original weight. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative performance of different seed priming treatments and to investigate whether re-drying is essential or not? Seeds of fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Super-Basmati were subjected to hardening, osmohardening with CaCl2 and KCl (ψ s ?1.25 MPa) each for 24 h (one cycle), and hydropriming and ascorbate priming (10 mg L?1) for 48 h. Seeds were primed in two sets. In one set after each treatment, seeds were given three surface washings with distilled water and dried back near to original moisture contents with forced air. In the other case, after surface washings with distilled water, seeds were surface dried using blotting paper and sown immediately. All the priming treatments improved the emergence, seedling growth and reserve metabolism. Use of surface drying was more effective for rice seed invigoration, as evident from earlier and synchronized seedling emergence. Moreover, shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, root score, α-amylase activity, soluble sugars and dehydrogenase activity were also improved, although germination percentage and leaf score were similar from both strategies. Results suggested that surface drying, rather than re-drying close to original weight, was more effective, while among the treatments, osmohardening with CaCl2 was the most effective. Increasing rice production with judicious use of water is need of the day, and aerobic rice cultivation is an attractive alternative for this purpose. However, poor and erratic stand establishment is one of the major hindrances in its wide scale adoption. In this regard, seed priming techniques are pragmatic approaches to achieve proper stand establishment in the new rice culture. They help in improving seedling density per unit area under optimal and adverse soil conditions and may be opted to improve the performance of aerobic rice. 相似文献
883.
The predatory mite, Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago), is one of the most abundant natural enemies and efficient predator of phytophagous mites in Iran. The miticides hexythiazox (Nisorun, EC 10%), fenpyroximate (Ortus,SC 5%), and abamectin (Vertimec, EC 1.8%) were tested in the laboratory for their side effects on P. Plumifer. The miticides were applied at the highest field recommended concentration (N) to detached leaves using a Potter Tower to deposit 2 mg spray solution per cm2. Percent predator mortality was evaluated from the protonymph up to the adult stage including the first five days of the oviposition period. Analysis of data showed that the total effect values of hexythiazox were below the lower threshold, and thus it could be considered to be a harmless miticide to P. Plumifer. In contrast, the total effects of fenpyroximate and abamectin were found harmful to the predatory mite at the highest field recommended concentrations. 相似文献
884.
Influence of chemical and biological treatments on volatile oil composition of Artemisia annua Linn.
Afaq Ahmad Malik Javed Ahmad Showkat R. Mir Mohammed Ali M.Z. Abdin 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):380-383
The relative abundance of isoprenoids and other volatile components in the aerial parts of Artemisia annua Linn. (Asteraceae) after different nutritional treatments was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Hydro-distillation of untreated (control) plants yielded 0.28 ± 0.04% essential oil on fresh weight basis. Monoterpenes were predominant in the essential oil of which cis-limonene-1,2-epoxide (22.1%), artemisia ketone (11.5%), iso-pinocamphone (11.4%), thujyl alcohol (9.9%) and camphor (8.4%) were the major components. The essential oil distilled from A. annua treated with Azospirillum (2 ml/plant) amounted to 0.30 ± 0.03% of fresh weight and consisted mainly of neral (31.1%), β-caryophyllene (25.1%), artemisia ketone (10.0%), thujyl alcohol (9.4%), trans-bergamotene (8.5%) and spathulenol (4.8%). The essential oil from plants treated with basal N, P, K and S application (in the form of urea P2O5, K2O and gypsum at a rate of 120, 50, 100 and 50 kg/ha, respectively) amounted to 0.32 ± 0.03% of fresh weight and consisted mainly of thujyl alcohol (33.3%), β-caryophyllene (15.5%), cis-undec-5-ene (14.4%), artemisia ketone (6.0%), trans-nerolidol (5.8%) and undec-4-ene (4.6%). The hydrodistillation of A. annua treated with Glomus (Mycorrhizal soil 50 g/plant) yielded 0.50 ± 0.02% essential oil on fresh weight basis. The sesquiterpenes were predominant in this essential oil and consisted of β-caryophyllene (51.2%), trans-bergamotene (15.4%), α-gurjunene (14.3%), germacrene D (5.1%) and ledol (4.5%) as major components. The only monoterpenes in the essential oil were neral, nerol and pulegone (each less than 1%). These findings suggest that A. annua treated with Glomus lacks glandular trichomes—the primary sites of synthesis of monoterpenes. 相似文献
885.
Meththika Vithanage Tharanga Bandara Mohammad I. Al-Wabel Adel Abduljabbar Adel R. A. Usman Mahtab Ahmad 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(5):635-643
Woody biochars derived by pyrolyzing Gliricidia sepium at 300°C and 500°C and a waste byproduct of same biomass from a bioenergy industry (BC700) were tested for their effect on soil enzymes activities and available form of heavy metals in multi-metals contaminated soil. Pot experiments were conducted during 6 weeks with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) at biochar application rates, 1, 2.5, and 5% (w/w). A reduction in polyphenol oxidase with biochars produced at increasing pyrolysis temperature compared to the control whereas the maximum activity of dehydrogenase and catalase was observed in 1% BC500 and 2.5% BC300, respectively. Soil available form of Ni, Mn, and Cr were reduced by 55, 70% and 80% in 5% BC700 amended soil, respectively. The highest geometric mean of enzyme activities was observed in 2.5% BC300 treatment. Overall the application of high dosages of high temperature derived biochar masks/deteriorates soil enzyme activities but immobilizes bioavailable heavy metals and reduces toxicity. 相似文献
886.
Roghayeh Shahriaripour Ahmad Tajabadipour Isa Esfandiarpoor Vahid Mozafary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(18):2284-2290
Phosphorus (P) fertilization is commonly based on soil testing, for which a variety of different soil P extraction methods are in use. In this research, the correlation and calibration of five extraction techniques for available P were studied: Soltanpour and Schwab, Olsen, EDTA-Na2, Paauw and Morgan in 168 different soil samples from 63000 ha of Sirjan pistachio orchards of Kerman province, Iran. The Morgan reagent extracted the most P and then EDTA-Na2> Olsen> Soltanpour and Schwab> Paauw extracted more phosphorus, respectively. Positive and significant correlation (P < 0.05) existed among all extractants. The correlation coefficients between different extractants and plant P concentration indicated that, EDTA-Na2 (P < 0.01), Olsen and Paauw methods (P < 0.05) had positive and significant correlation with leaf P concentration and thus with due attention to acceptable relationship with plant indices, the Olsen and EDTA-Na2 methods could be used to advise on available P. 相似文献
887.
以甘蔗苗为材料研究了甘蔗CBF1转录激活因子ScCBF1在水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)以及重金属镉(Cd Cl_2)和铜(Cu Cl_2)胁迫下的表达情况;将ScCBF1的原核表达载体p GEX-6P-1-ScCBF1转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Rosetta(DE3),检测其在NaCl、PEG8000胁迫下的生长情况.结果表明:ScCBF1在Me JA、SA、Cd Cl_2以及Cu Cl_2逆境胁迫下表达下调;在500 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,含有重组质粒的细胞生长速度显著减缓,不同浓度NaCl胁迫下的平板胁迫结果进一步说明了ScCBF1基因不具耐盐性;在15%PEG8000胁迫下,含有重组质粒细胞的生长速度明显高于对照,不同浓度PEG8000胁迫下的平板胁迫结果说明了ScCBF1基因在应答干旱胁迫中具有抗逆性.构建了ScCBF1的植物表达载体p CAMBIA1301-ScCBF1并通过农杆菌侵染在本氏烟叶片中瞬时表达,在4℃低温胁迫下,T0代烟草植株长势显著优于对照. 相似文献
888.
Nazir Muhammad Mudasser Oneeb Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Mazhar Bibi Fehmeeda Ahmad Atif Nisar Waheed Abdul Sajid Muhammad Afzal Sultan Muhammad Tauseef Yasin Ghulam Lindsay David S. 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):1081-1084
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Infection with the Apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum occurs in domestic and wild animals worldwide. This parasite causes significant economic losses in... 相似文献
889.
Ahmad Maryudi Ani A. Nawir Dewi A. Sekartaji Purnomo Sumardamto Ris H. Purwanto Ronggo Sadono Priyono Suryanto Emma Soraya Djoko Soeprijadi Agus Affianto Rohman Rohman Slamet Riyanto 《Small-Scale Forestry》2017,16(1):119-131
Smallholder timber plantations may offer opportunities for farmers to increase their income. Nonetheless, such opportunities are often lost largely due to unfavorable regulations imposed on harvesting and marketing of timber. Adverse impacts are worsened because the regulations are not effectively communicated to smallholder farmers. We assessed the level of smallholder knowledge of existing regulations and found it very low. In part, this correlated to their socio-demographic characteristics. Poor literacy skills and a low level of education make it difficult for older farmers’ to increase their knowledge. This is compounded by the limited information channels that can reach the farmers. Improving smallholders’ knowledge by providing information concerning markets and regulations in a timely and clear manner could help smallholders exercise coping strategies and priorities when selling their timber that would in turn reduce the negative impacts of regulations. The roles of village authorities could be crucial. They are close to the smallholders and could channel the information. The government could provide training and incentives for them to be more active in communicating the regulations to the smallholders. 相似文献
890.
Javid Ahmad Bhat Biswapati Mandal Gora Chand Hazra 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(4):395-404
Twenty acid soils of West Bengal, India, representing Alfisols, Entisols and Inceptisols orders, were studied to characterize their acidity in relation to physicochemical properties. Total potential acidity (TPA), pH-dependent acidity (PDA), total acidity (TA), hydrolytic acidity (HA) and exchange acidity (EA) ranged from 2.02–6.90, 1.75–6.05, 1.18–2.75, 0.98–1.90 and 0.06–0.85 cmol(p+) kg?1, respectively. Relative order for all forms of acidity was: Entisols>Alfisols>Inceptisols. Average contribution of EA to TPA and TA was 9.7% and 19.7%, respectively, and that of PDA to TPA was 90.1%. Contribution of electrostatically bound H+ to EA was highest for Inceptisols followed by Entisols>Alfisols, and reverse was true for electrostatically bound aluminum (Al3+). All forms of acidity showed significant positive correlations with organic carbon (C) forms of Al but negative correlations with pH of soil. They also showed significant correlations with each other. Soil pH, organic C and exchangeable Al caused most of the variations in different forms of soil acidity. 相似文献