犊牛腹泻的综合防治方法浅谈

犊牛腹泻是在犊牛身上极为常见的一种疾病,如果得不到及时医治,会让犊牛的死亡率增加.犊牛正处于哺乳期,免疫力比较低,对于一些细菌和病毒的入侵都没有什么抵抗力,而且犊牛的肠胃极其容易受到细菌和病毒的感染,所以牛初乳对于犊牛的饲养是非常重要的,为了提高犊牛的成活率,让犊牛健康成长,就需要寻找综合防治犊牛腹泻的方法,加强犊牛的饲养管理,从而让犊牛能够健康成长.     

Contrasting arthropod communities associated with dwarf mistletoes Arceuthobium globosum and A. vaginatum and their host Pinus hartwegii

Arthropod communities and epiphytic plants associated with tree canopies have been widely studied and have revealed a great diversity of organisms; however,the community hosted by parasitic plants,such as dwarf mistletoes,remains poorly known.In the coniferous forests of North America,dwarf mistletoe infection(Arceuthobium spp.) significantly damages the health of the forest,causing large financial losses for the forest industry,but it also positively affects diversity,especially of mammals and birds.This study examined the attributes of the arthropod communities associated with two species of dwarf mistletoe [Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. Wiens and A.vaginatum(Humb. Bonpl.ex Willd.) J.Presl] and their host Pinus hartwegii Lindl.In 2010,in five sites located in Zoquiapan(Central Mexico),we collected plant tissue from the three species bimonthly.Arthropods were separated from the plant tissue and identified to the finest level possible.We collected 32,059 individuals,for which51 morphospecies were identified,belonging to 15 taxonomic orders; the most abundant orders for the three plants were Prostigmata,Thysanoptera and Homoptera.The community associated with P.hartwegii had the highest value of diversity(H'= 1.47; A.globosum,H'= 0.64; A.vaginatum,H'= 0.68) and species richness(S = 40; A.globosum,S = 30; A.vaginatum,S = 35); while abundance was significantly higher for the mistletoes(A.globosum,n = 407 individuals/sample; A.vaginatum,n = 536 individuals/sample; P.hartwegii,n = 134 individuals/sample).Species richness,abundance and diversity were significantly different for the three studied plants,as well for sampling month and the interaction of these two factors(except for diversity).The results suggest that the canopy of P.hartwegii is an important element in the ecosystem,providing a mosaic of resources and conditions to the associated fauna.We also propose that mistletoes are key species within the forest canopy,as they greatly influence the establishment of diverse organisms,particularly arthropods.     

2种吡啶类除草剂对天山假狼毒群落影响和禾本科牧草产草量及安全性评价

2013—2014年在新疆昭苏县乌鲁空盖草原选用270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂和21%氯氨吡啶酸水剂不同浓度对草原毒草——天山假狼毒进行群落影响试验。研究结果表明,270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂和21%氯氨吡啶酸水剂不同浓度均对天山假狼毒群落生长产生影响,与使用浓度呈正相关;其中使用270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂6 000 m L/hm2明显抑制天山假狼毒群落正常生长,并且对禾本科牧草安全性较高,同时禾本科牧草数量和产草量明显增加,可作为防除天山假狼毒群落生长的化学药剂。     

不同施氮水平对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累和养分吸收规律的影响

[目的]研究膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累和养分吸收规律.[方法]在大田栽培条件下,以T-04为研究材料,采用logistic方程回归分析的方法,研究膜下滴灌水稻干物质及养分积累规律.[结果]膜下滴灌水稻干物质及氮、磷、钾的快速积累时间分别在出苗后66.7 ～99.5、56.0 ～88.1、68.9～105.2和61.6 ～95.6 d,且随施氮量的增加,干物质和氮磷钾的最大积累潜力及最大积累速率逐渐增加,快速积累时间逐渐减少.在干物质积累和养分吸收快速积累规律上表现出,快速积累开始时间依次为氮、钾、干物质,磷最晚,快速积累结束时间呈同样规律.施氮量390 kg/hm2具有最大干物质和氮磷钾积累潜力,过量施氮无助于膜下滴灌水稻的生长和养分吸收.[结论]与淹灌相比,水稻膜下滴灌栽培模式干物质及氮、磷、钾的最大积累速率显著高于淹灌处理,且干物质及氮素快速积累持续时间小于常规淹灌处理,而磷、钾无显著差异.     

6个葡萄品种（系）抗旱性比较研究

比较6个主栽或杂交育种常用品种（系）的抗旱性差异,为旱区葡萄栽培品种和抗旱育种亲本选择提供依据。在干旱胁迫下,测定各植株生长量、旱害、叶片水势、电导率及胁迫后根系状况,研究各品种（系）间的抗旱性强弱。结果表明,严重胁迫下,‘弗雷无核’和‘无核白鸡心’生长受重创,旱害严重,电导率变化大,根系生长不良,个别干枯;‘温宿红葡萄’、‘新郁’、‘无核白’表现相对较好,‘SP522’次之。‘温宿红葡萄’、‘新郁’、‘无核白’抗旱性强,‘SP522’次之,‘无核白鸡心’和‘弗雷无核’弱。     

多浪羊与塔什库尔干羊杂交效果研究

在喀什地区以地方优良肉羊品种多浪羊为父本,塔什库尔干羊(下面简称塔羊)为母本,进行杂交试验。结果表明:半舍饲的粗放饲养管理的条件下,杂交一代早期生长发育、产肉性能均高于塔羊,在当地的放牧适应性、耐粗饲、抗病力优于多浪羔羊。初步认为多浪羊是开展肉羊生产品种中较理想的父本品种。     

致作者

?A g r i c u l t u r a l B i o t e c h n o l o g y?(中文译名《农业生物技术》)是由美国国会图书馆主管,美国Wu Chu(USA-China)Science and Culture Media Corporation?中文译名:吴楚(美中)科技文化传媒公司】主办的全英文期刊,ISSN刊号:2164-4993,暂为双月刊,刊物内容包括与农业科学相关的植物、动物、微生物及林业、海洋等学科在组织、器官、细胞、染色体、蛋白质、基因、酶、发酵工程等不同水平上的农业     

Phosphorus accumulation and leaching risk of greenhouse vegetable soils in Southeast China

Over-fertilization has caused significant phosphorus(P) accumulation in Chinese greenhouse vegetable production(GVP) soils. This study, for the first time, quantified profile P accumulation directly from soil P measurements, as well as subsoil P immobilization, in three alkaline coarse-textured GVP soil profiles with 5(S5), 15(S15), and 30(S30) years of cultivation in Tongshan, Southeast China. For each profile, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10(topsoil), 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. Phosphorus accumulation was estimated from the difference in P contents between topsoil and parent material(60–100 cm subsoil). Phosphorus mobility was assessed from measurements of water-soluble P concentration(PSol). Finally, P sorption isotherms were produced using a batch sorption experiment and fitted using a modified Langmuir model. High total P contents of 1 980(S5), 3 190(S15), and 2 330(S30) mg kg~(-1) were measured in the topsoils versus lower total P content of approximately 600 mg kg~(-1) in the 80–100 cm subsoils. Likewise, topsoil PSol values were very high, varying from 6.4 to 17.0 mg L~(-1). The estimated annual P accumulations in the topsoils were 397(S5), 212(S15), and 78(S30) kg ha~(-1) year~(-1). Sorption isotherms demonstrated the dominance of P desorption in highly P-saturated topsoils, whereas the amount of adsorbed P increased in the 80–100 cm subsoils with slightly larger P adsorption capacity. The total P adsorption capacity of the 80–100 cm subsoils at a solution P concentration of0.5 mg L~(-1) was 15.7(S5), 8.7(S15), and 6.5(S30) kg ha~(-1), demonstrating that subsoils were unable to secure P concentrations in leaching water below 0.5 mg L~(-1) because of their insufficient P-binding capacity.     

Rising utilization of stable isotopes in tree rings for climate change and forest ecology

Analyses of stable isotopes(C, O, H) in tree rings are increasingly important cross-disciplinary programs. The rapid development in this field documented in an increasing number of publications requires a comprehensive review. This study includes a bibliometric analysis-based review to better understand research trends in tree ring stable isotope research. Overall, 1475 publications were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection for 1974–2023.The findings are that:(1) numbers of annual pu...