水稻纹枯病菌拮抗菌CZB40的筛选、鉴定及其发酵条件优化

为获得对水稻纹枯病有生防效果的拮抗放线菌,以水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)为指示菌,从湖南郴州天鹅山风景区土样中分离筛选出5株拮抗放线菌株,其中菌株CZB40无菌滤液的5倍稀释液对指示菌菌丝生长抑制率高达90.45%,能使菌核菌丝萌发指数降低56.30%,而且能显著抑制菌核的形成。经形态观察、培养性状、生理生化鉴定,并结合16SrDNA序列分析,将CZB40菌株鉴定为极暗黄链霉菌(Streptomyces fulvissimus)。抗菌谱研究表明,该菌株对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、桃褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola)、辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthora capsici)、草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)和辣椒白绢病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)都有拮抗作用,抑菌率达27.94%~85.71%。通过单因子变量法和均匀设计法对菌株CZB40进行发酵条件研究。结果表明,其最佳的发酵条件为:玉米粉25g/L、酵母粉5g/L、MgSO40.2g/L、NaCl 0.8g/L、K2HPO40.4g、水1 000mL、29℃、pH 6.0。经优化后,菌株CZB40无菌滤液的10倍稀释液对水稻纹枯菌丝生长抑制率最高,达到94.85%,比优化前明显提高。该研究结果为水稻纹枯病的生物防治提供科学依据。     

肥料配施对阴山北麓旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响

以马铃薯克新1号品种为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,在阴山北麓地区连续3a定位施肥,研究了不同肥料配施对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：马铃薯各施肥处理各生育时期0～80 cm土壤含水量均低于对照,全生育期总耗水量较对照提高0．17％～4．16％,干物质积累量明显高于对照;肥料配施条件下各施肥处理马铃薯产量和商品薯率较对照显著提高,增产幅度和商品薯率的增加幅度分别为5．8％～49．67％,13．97％～55．14％,以M＋NPK处理效果最明显,2011年和2012产量分别达到36863．70 kg·hm－2和31386．14 kg·hm－2,其次是NPK处理和M处理;各施肥处理的水分利用效率均高于对照,其中以M＋NPK处理最高,两年分别较CK处理高出43．72％和44．09％,与其它各施肥处理相比差异显著,其次为NPK处理和M处理。有机肥和氮磷钾肥配施是最适合当地马铃薯种植的肥料配比。     

中国农村留守妇女研究述评

农村留守妇女是指丈夫外出打工而留守在农村家中的已婚妇女。以农村留守妇女心理—社会发展为主线,对以往研究的相关结果进行系统回顾,并指出已有研究的“弱势群体”假设和“男性主义”视角所带来的不足。未来研究,要在社会变迁的时代背景和“流动—留守”联结的框架下,考察既有家庭功能连续性暂时中断的条件下,不同类型留守妇女发展的历时轨迹,挖掘家庭生态系统的弹性机制,以期为留守妇女发展的家庭干预提供支持。     

国内冠词研究：回顾与前瞻

从上世纪80年代至今,国内冠词研究经历了从定性研究向定量研究的转变,从整体研究向局部研究的转变,研究更加全面和细化。主要研究成果显示研究者在研究初期主要是在理论层面概括地研究冠词的功能和用法;研究中期对冠词的研究更加细化,特别体现在对零冠词和冠词翻译的研究;研究后期运用了语料库方法研究学生如何习得冠词和冠词误用以及冠词在语篇中的运用。对国内冠词现状研究的回顾可以更好地为研究和教学提供方向。     

自然条件下滤减紫外辐射对烤烟生长及品质的影响

 为研究紫外辐射对丽江特色优质烟叶形成的影响,采用盆栽试验,用100%（对照）,7.6%,62.2%,51.4% 4种不同紫外辐射透过率的透明薄膜进行遮盖,研究其对烤烟生长及品质的影响。结果表明：（1）进行紫外辐射滤减后,烤烟农艺性状与对照差异不明显。（2）对照比各处理在烤烟生长的前期合成更多的光合色素,但从旺长后期开始其降解速度加快;随着紫外辐射增强,光合速率下降,各处理较对照分别下降2,2.4,4.1μmol/（m2·s）。（3）随着紫外辐射强度的降低,烟叶栅栏组织厚度和叶片厚度减小,各处理分别减少6.72,10.04,8.84μm和23.46,28.98,22.98μm。对照与处理之间差异极显著,但处理之间差异不明显。（4）一定范围内紫外辐射的增强能促进烟叶糖类化合物的合成,不利于含氮化合物的积累,对钾和氯含量无明显影响。随着紫外辐射的滤减,上部叶、中部叶、下部叶总糖分别减少2.75%-6.68%,3.37%-6.13%,0.98%-1.66%;上部叶、中部叶、下部叶还原糖分别减少0.42%-2.47%,0.63%-4.22%,3.40%-5.68%;上部叶、中部叶总氮分别增加0.21%-0.71%,0.05%-0.39%,下部叶减少0.07%-0.25%;上部叶、中部叶、下部叶烟碱分别增加0.14%-1.22%,0.05%-0.87%,0.34%-0.82%     

Numerical simulation of backward flow of methane roof layer in an airway

We study methane backward flow in the laneways at various wind velocities and angles based on computational fluid dynamics theory; analyze the backward flow area length, the concentration distribution and the methane roof layer thickness. The results show that the methane roof layer would move against the airflow in a declensional ventilated airway if the downward air velocity is not large enough. The faster the airflow speed, the smaller the methane backward flow area becomes, and the methane roof layer becomes thicker and shorter. In a declensional ventilated airway, the methane/air mixing capacity increases with the increase of the inclination of the airway, and the thickness of methane roof layer decreases with the increase of the inclination of the airway.     

Numerical simulation of outburst prevention air door destruction by coal and gas outbursts

We explore the destruction of outburst prevention air doors by coal and gas outbursts using numerical simulation. The reflective overpressure when an outburst acts on doors is elucidated, and its formula is obtained. The destruction of outburst prevention wind doors by coal and gas outburst are simulated using ANSYS software based on data of wind door pressure obtained by similarity simulation experiment. The simulation results show that the weakest place of gate posts is where the wind tube is. Simulation results also show the first shock wave pressure that acts on an outburst prevention wind door is not the maximum one. Due to the effect of reflected overpressure, the outburst prevention wind door pressure will reach the maximum in several milliseconds. This finding is similar to the experiment result.     

Coefficient of sensitiveness between permeability andeffective pressure of coal samples

A study of the coefficient of sensitiveness between permeability and effective pressure of coal samples is conducted based on experimentation and analysis. Test results indicate that the permeability of coal samples drops rapidly as the effective pressure increases under a low effective pressure level. The variation relationship between them can be described by an exponential equation. The coupling mechanism of seepage in coal beds has not been completely made clear so far, and the coupling factors affecting the permeability of coal samples are too complex to describe. The coefficient of sensitiveness between the permeability of coal samples and effective pressure is defined accordingly so as to normalize these factors. It is shown that the variation relationship between the coefficient and the effective pressure can be described by a power function. Such a coefficient can evaluate well the changing trend of the permeability of coal samples related to the effective pressure. The between coal sample permeability and the effective pressure is deduced based on the coefficient of sensitiveness.     

An adaptive transmission power allocation scheme for the Turbo BLAST system

An adaptive transmission power allocation (TPA) algorithm is presented for the turbo bell labs layerecl space time(Turbo BLAST) system. This algorithm aims to find the proper power allocation parameters with which the overall bit error rate (BER) can be minimized. At the transmitter, the TPA algorithm is used to allocate proper power to every antenna under the restriction of total transmission power. At the receiver, a modified iterative soft interference cancellation scheme is used to detect received signals to reduce BER further. Simulation results show that the BER of the proposed scheme can be decreased significantly compared with that of equal power allocation.     

Wind tunnel tests and numerical simulation on arches’static wind loads of half through arch bridge

Long span half through arch bridges have the flexible space structure. Wind loads on the arches are usually the key factor to the whole bridge. Taking an example of the Chongqing Caiyuanba Yangzi River Bridge in P. R. China, wind tunnel tests of single arch and double arches section models were conducted. The results of a single arch in the smooth flow show that arch drag variability is small, and the lift and moment variability are significantly large. The results of double arches testing show that the static forces of the windward arch are similar to the single arch. The three force coefficients of leeward arches vary with the space width ratio and the angle between the two arches. Static forces testing was simulated by the CFD software FLUENT. The static forces from the testing and the simulation were compared. The results show that the values match quite well with testing, and the drag forces mainly varied with the space width ratio.