Simulation of dissolved nitrogen pollution in Xiaojiang river basin of Three Gorges reservoir

Xiao Jiang River is the largest tributary on the north of the middle part in Three Gorges reservoir area, because of predominant hilly cropland with purple soil, the dissolved nitrogen from surface and subsurface runoff caused by raining accounts for most part of the nitrogen pollution in water. This paper develops the annual pollution models based on the characteristics of topography and soil, etc., of the basin in order to study dissolved nitrogen pollution, and introduces a Semi distributed Land Use based Runoff Processes (SLURP) hydrological model into the surface and subsurface runoff simulation which is an important part of non point source pollution modeling. Integrated with the geography information system technology, the annual temporal spatial distribution of the dissolved nitrogen in the basin is simulated and the load at the watershed outlet is estimated from 2000 to 2007. The results show that the load from cropland is up to 68.3~76.8of the total load, in which over 85 from croplands and then rural settlement is 23.2~31.7.     

A contour extraction algorithm for digital images based on water balloons snake model

Due to weak edges and low contrast areas in digital images, such as a left ventricle in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images, a deformation curve may leak from the outer boundary when images are segmented using the traditional snake model. An improved algorithm based on the water balloons snake model is introduced to solve this problem. Firstly, the barycenter and the boundary shape area of the left ventricle in a digital MRI image are obtained through mathematical morphology. The left ventricular watershed line is obtained next using a watershed transform algorithm, which is taken as the initial deformation curve in a balloon snake model to capture the contour. Different snake models are tested to digitally tagged MRI images of left ventricles of small pigs. Contrast results indicate that the water balloons snake model can solve the leakage problem in traditional snake and balloon snake models. In addition, the processing speed is improved significantly.     

霸王花褐腐病的病原鉴定

【目的】明确导致广东省霸王花Hylocereus undatus褐腐病的病原种类.【方法】通过病组织分离、致病性测定、形态学观察及rDNA序列分析等方法对广东省霸王花褐腐病病原进行了种类鉴定.【结果和结论】在PDA培养基上,病原菌的菌落为深灰色,绒毛状.产生2种类型的节孢子:一种为浅色、薄壁的柱状孢子,大小为(5.00~10.69)μm×(2.61~4.52)μm;另一种为褐色、厚壁、圆形或椭圆形、基部平截、成链的孢子,大小为(5.15~12.39)μm×(3.87~6.07)μm.应用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4进行PCR,获得该病原菌579 bp的18S-28S rDNA ITS序列.BLAST结果显示,该序列与Neoscytalidium dimidiatum火龙果菌株的18S-28S rDNA ITS序列相似性最高,为99%~100%.这些研究结果表明,引起广东省霸王花褐腐病的病原菌为N.dimidiatum.     

三河牛乳房外观洁净度评分体系的研究

对内蒙古三河牛核心群泌乳牛和干奶牛乳房外观洁净度进行全面评分和系统分析,研究影响三河牛乳房外观洁净度的重要部位,分析各部位洁净度评分与体细胞数(Somatic cell count,SCC)和体细胞评分(Somatic cell score,SCS)的相关关系,为三河牛乳房外观洁净度评分体系建立及隐性乳房炎防治提供数据参考。通过采集内蒙古海拉尔区三河牛基础母牛群201头泌乳牛及干奶牛的789份图像信息,在建立三河牛乳房外观洁净度评分体系基础上,对三河牛左后肢、左躯体、左乳区、右后肢、右躯体、右乳区、后乳区和尾部等8个部位进行5个等级的评分,同时进行整体洁净度评分,并运用SAS 9.1.3进行了系统的统计分析。三河牛8个部位洁净度评分之间存在极显著相关(P0.01),其中左后肢、左乳区、右乳区、后乳区和尾部等5个部位极显著影响整体洁净度评分(P0.01)。通过主成分分析将8个部位洁净度评分变量降维至3个主成分。逻辑回归分析和方差分析得出,三河牛体况评分对SCC有极显著影响(P0.01),右乳区评分对SCC有显著影响(P0.05),胎次效应对SCS影响极显著(P0.01)。本研究建立了包含8个部位的三河牛乳房外观整体洁净度评分体系(5分制),其主要部位是右后肢、右乳区和尾部,尤其是右乳区洁净程度。右乳区评分对隐性乳房炎指标SCC的显著影响提示其有望作为预防三河牛隐形乳房炎发生的直观选择指标。     

体育赛事文化价值初探*

体育赛事是社会发展的文化产物,文化价值是诸多价值中最基本的价值,体育赛事文化价值主要体现在体育赛事对个体和社会不同层面文化需求的满足。文章采用文献法,将体育赛事作为人类情感输出、意识形成的媒介,从体育赛事与自我价值意识、体育赛事与社会价值意识两个层面,探讨体育赛事在人的心理机制上发生的作用,及其在人类社会中存在的价值。另一方面,体育赛事在历史变迁中也对社会价值意识的整合造成负面影响。正确认识体育赛事的文化价值,对促进体育赛事健康发展和优化人的生活质量具有重要的意义。     

沣河沿岸土壤重金属分布特征及来源分析

在野外调查的基础上,以陕西省沣河沿岸土壤为研究对象,结合数据统计与GIS制图,对Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Ni和V 8种重金属元素富集特征、空间分布、生态风险及来源进行分析。结果表明：研究区各重金属元素含量在人群、工厂密集地显著富集,并均有着随水流方向呈总体升高的趋势。土壤中Co、Cr、Mn、Pb和V的几何均值分别为21.5、92.1、611.1、32.9 mg•kg^-1和75.4 mg•kg^-1,均高于陕西省土壤背景值。其中,Co、Cr、Mn和Pb含量的超标率达100%、75%、63%和25%,表现为以Co为主的多种重金属复合污染。污染评价结果表明：研究区存在不同程度的重金属污染,其中,Co、Cr、Pb和Ni污染主要集中在沣河中下游河段,Cu污染主要集中在沣河中上游河段。沣河沿岸土壤重金属污染与人类活动关系密切,应引起重视。     

小麦叶片逆向衰老过程中叶绿素含量及光合特性的变化

【目的】研究小麦叶片逆向衰老过程中旗叶和倒二叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的变化规律,为进一步揭示叶片逆向衰老的生理机制提供研究思路和理论指导。【方法】以逆向衰老小麦‘温麦19’和‘兰考矮早8’为试验材料,在小麦扬花后6,12,18,24,30和36d,分别采用CCM-200手持式叶绿素仪和LI-6400XT型便携式光合测定系统,在田间测定旗叶和倒二叶的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度。【结果】‘温麦19’和‘兰考矮早8’在灌浆结实后期(花后18～36d)均出现倒二叶叶绿素含量高于旗叶的现象,即叶片逆向衰老的现象;‘温麦19’较‘兰考矮早8’叶片逆向衰老现象出现早。在灌浆后期,‘温麦19’旗叶的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均低于倒二叶,而‘兰考矮早8’旗叶的光合速率低于倒二叶,蒸腾速率和气孔导度仍高于倒二叶。【结论】在逆向衰老过程中,随着小麦旗叶和倒二叶叶绿素含量的变化,其净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度也发生相应的变化,且品种之间存在较大差异。     

Hybrid field network simulation of temperature in a building fire

A connecting platform between the field model and network model has been constructed, based on a multi functional building model. The field model is used to simulate the fire smoke in certain special compartments (the fire room and specific large space rooms), while the network model is used to simulate the uniform compartments. When combining the simulation results of the field model and network model as the interface boundary conditions for the each other, a hybrid field and network model is presented. The hybrid field network model can provide more detailed physical information of the fire smoke properties under a specific fire scenario for the specially confined compartments. In addition, the hybrid model can predict the fire smoke flow properties in the building accurately.     

嗜菌异小杆线虫沧州品系对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的致病力

室内测定了嗜菌异小杆线虫沧州品系在不同侵染剂量、不同环境温度及不同土壤湿度条件下对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的致病力。结果表明,幼虫的死亡率随线虫施用剂量和处理时间的增长而升高,其中侵染期线虫剂量为400、250、200条/mL时,幼虫死亡率分别在处理后72、96 h和120 h达到100%;30℃和25℃是该线虫侵染的最佳温度,幼虫死亡率分别在处理后48 h和96 h达到100%;土壤湿度为14%和17%时,幼虫死亡率分别在96 h和120 h达到100%。     

乌江梯级水库优化调度节能减排贡献研究

【目的】分析乌江梯级水库群优化调度节能减排贡献,为乌江梯级电站开发中补偿政策的确定提供参考。【方法】以乌江的洪家渡、东风、索风营、乌江渡、构皮滩、思林、沙沱7座水库(以下简称"乌江梯级水库")为研究对象,建立了乌江梯级水库优化调度节能减排模型,研究了乌江梯级水库中长期的节能减排贡献。【结果】中长期优化调度研究表明,乌江梯级水库多年平均节约标准煤1.71亿t,CO2减排量为3.42亿t。【结论】梯级水电工程具有重大的节能与减排作用,其对节能减排的贡献可为我国水电定价与乌江梯级水库补偿政策的争取提供参考。