我国将建设国家级优质专用小麦基地

国家计委近日审查批复了《石家庄市国家级大型优质专用小麦生产基地项目可行性研究报告》。该项目是目前全国惟一的优质专用小麦项目,也是我国为应对加入WTO后小麦生产面临的严峻挑战而采取的重要举措。 该项目总投资1.2亿元,其中中央预算内基本建设投资6 000万元,省级配套资金2 000万元。建设期限为2001～2003年。项目竣工后,石家庄市将新增优质专用小麦生产基地 13.3万hm2,良种繁育基地0.7万hm2,年产优质小麦良种4 500万kg,年产优质专用小麦100万t。 本刊辑     

菌物生物技术：外源蛋白在米曲霉中的表达及分泌

米曲霉是与工业用酶及食品发酵相关的重要微生物,其分泌蛋白的能力有望将其用于外源蛋白表达的遗传工程研究。为了构建米曲霉的转化系统,首先由紫外照射,分离获argB^-突变株,再通过CaCl2调节的化学方法和电穿孔技术将携带构巢曲霉argB基因的质粒导入米曲酶受体细胞,经筛选获得多拷贝及遗传稳定的转化子,转化频率为10～50转化子/ug DNA。虽然构巢曲霉与米曲霉argB基因的同源性不高,但前者对后者argB^-突变能起到补偿作用。在电场调节的转化中--电穿孔,适宜条件为6.3kV/cm和1540ohm。电场中,原生质体相对于非原生质体在1.3kV/cm条件成活率为80%,而6.3kV/cm下为50%。为了实现外源基因在米曲霉中的表达,天然植物源的蜜饯--奇甜蛋白基因及构巢曲霉中作为营养选择标记的argB通过共转化被引入受体细胞中,然后从培养基中获得与纯化的奇甜蛋白相似的具免疫活性的22kDa分子量的蛋白质,这说明植物中的信号序列同样可在米曲霉中起作用,调节奇甜蛋白分泌到细胞外。     

Coda wave interferometry for estimating nonlinear behavior in seismic velocity

In coda wave interferometry, one records multiply scattered waves at a limited number of receivers to infer changes in the medium over time. With this technique, we have determined the nonlinear dependence of the seismic velocity in granite on temperature and the associated acoustic emissions. This technique can be used in warning mode, to detect the presence of temporal changes in the medium, or in diagnostic mode, where the temporal change in the medium is quantified.     

Stellar production rates of carbon and its abundance in the universe

The bulk of the carbon in our universe is produced in the triple-alpha process in helium-burning red giant stars. We calculated the change of the triple-alpha reaction rate in a microscopic 12-nucleon model of the (12)C nucleus and looked for the effects of minimal variations of the strengths of the underlying interactions. Stellar model calculations were performed with the alternative reaction rates. Here, we show that outside a narrow window of 0.5 and 4% of the values of the strong and Coulomb forces, respectively, the stellar production of carbon or oxygen is reduced by factors of 30 to 1000.     

小型水利工程产权制度创新的制度

小型农村水利工程是保障农业和农村经济社会发展的重要基础设施，在抗御水旱灾害、改善农民生产和生活条件、促进农村各项事业发展等诸多方面发挥着重要的作用。但是，小型水利工程在建设和管理中存在的问题，影响了工程效益的发挥和农民兴建小型水利工程的积极性。因此，小型水利工程产权急需制度创新。对小型水利工程产权制度创新的目标、途径及制度需求进行了深入的研究，为我国小型水利工程产权制度创新指明了方向。     

Effect of gamma-irradiation on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, total phenolic content, and respiration of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

Ionizing treatments were applied at 0.5 kGy, 1.5 kGy, and 2.5 kGy to edible mature mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, albidus) in order to assess the effect of the gamma-irradiation on some biochemical parameters. Irradiation at doses of 1.5 kGy and 2.5 kGy reduced significantly (p < or = 0.05) the rate of respiration of the mushrooms, compared to that of samples irradiated at 0.5 kGy and nonirradiated control samples (C). Ionizing treatments increased significantly (p < or = 0.05) the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and total phenols concentration between days 1 and 4. From days 3-4, to the end of the storage period (day 12), both PAL activity and total phenols in the irradiated samples (I) collapsed to lower values. In contrast, the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased until days 7, 9, and 12 for samples treated at 0.5, 1, and 2 kGy, respectively. Color measurements showed a loss of whiteness (L value) during storage. After day 4, however, the effectiveness of gamma-irradiation became apparent, and highest L values were obtained for I only.     

施用生物菌剂对棉田土壤细菌群落多样性及种群结构的影响

目的 研究生物菌剂对棉田土壤细菌群落多样性及种群结构的影响,分析生物菌剂对新疆棉田土壤微生态的改善效应,为提高棉花土传病害的生物防治与化肥减施技术提供依据。方法 采集施用生物菌剂及对照棉田10~20 cm土壤,检测土壤理化性质并利用Illumina Hiseq 2500 PE250高通量测序平台分析土壤细菌多样性。结果 施用生物菌剂且停施头水肥后,土壤中全氮、有机质、速效钾含量分别下降28.7%、27.5%和31.9%,全磷、速效氮含量没有下降,全钾含量变化不大。施用生物菌剂后土壤中细菌的ACE、Chaol、Shannon指数与对照相比均无显著差异,与常规管理棉田相比停施头水肥后土壤细菌的ACE、Chaol丰富度指数显著降低。施用生物菌剂与对照相比能够影响土壤微生物群落组成,在减施化肥的情况下影响程度降低。施用生物菌剂且停施头水肥与常规管理棉田的土壤细菌种群之间没有显著差异标记。生物菌剂处理中芽孢杆菌属的丰度均高于对照,呈现出逐年增加的趋势,而假单胞菌属的丰度在生物菌剂处理中均低于对照,溶杆菌属、链霉菌属的丰度在不同处理中无一致规律。结论 棉田停施头水肥显著降低了土壤细菌的丰度,施用生物菌剂未对棉田土壤细菌的多样性和种群结构造成显著影响,增加了棉田土壤中有益细菌芽孢杆菌属的丰度。在新疆棉花耕作系统中,持续施用生物菌剂以形成作物根际微生物保护层,维持作物根际的健康。     

Plasma pharmacokinetics of abamectin in fallow deer (Cervus dama dama) following subcutaneous administration

The pharmacokinetics of abamectin (ABM) following a single subcutaneous administration of 200 μg/kg was evaluated in adult fallow deer by following ABM concentration in blood plasma. A nonlinear mixed effects modelling procedure was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. The time course of ABM concentration was described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. Abamectin absorption in fallow deer was rapid with a peak plasma concentration of 120.7 ± 33.2 ng/mL observed at 19.1 ± 7.7 h (mean ± SD). Half-lives of the distribution and terminal phase were 17.2 and 119.3 h, respectively. Typical apparent clearance of the bioavailable fraction (CL/F) was 0.795 L/h and was independent of animal weight. Considering the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters in our study, we may assume that effective parasite control in fallow deer is obtained using the usual recommended dose of 200 μg/kg.     

A case of hepatic carcinoid in a red deer hind (Cervus elaphus)

A carcinoid tumour in the liver of a red deer hind (Cervus elaphus) is described. Macroscopically, the liver was considerably enlarged with multifocal, firm, yellow and red nodular neoplastic masses, which were histopathologically diagnosed as hepatic carcinoids. The diagnosis was confirmed by modified Grimelius staining, which demonstrated numerous small argyrophilic granules in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, and by immunohistochemistry. The neoplastic cells gave a strong positive reaction for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin and a weak positive reaction for chromogranin A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hepatic carcinoid in red deer.     

多花黑麦草在邵阳地区的引种适应性

摘要：通过对引进的4个一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)品种（剑宝、杰威、特高和钻石T）在湖南邵阳地区进行引种栽培后发现,引进品种在再生速度、株高及鲜干草产量等特性上均显著优于对照品种（冬牧70一年生黑麦草）,特别是引进品种的生育周期比对照品种长32~37 d。在4个引进品种之间进行比较发现,剑宝和杰威的鲜干草产量高于特高和钻石T。通过引种试验可知,剑宝和杰威在湖南邵阳地区种植的适应性最强,可大面积推广种植,二者之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。