微生态制剂对沙塘鳢养殖水体净化效果

以沙塘鳢夏花培育水体为实验水体,应用光合细菌和芽孢杆菌的复合制剂作为养殖水体净化生物,探讨微生态制剂对沙塘鳢养殖水体的净化效果。实验设3个浓度组,分别为300、600、900mg/m3。每隔6d测定氨氮和亚硝态氮,7d测定总氮、总磷和COD。沙塘鳢经过60d养殖后,经测量后计算增重率和成活率。结果表明,微生态制剂能够有效去除养殖水体中的总氮,氨氮,提高沙塘鳢的增重率和成活率。     

Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia

We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 10⁴ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×10⁵ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia.     

Comparative study on dietary protein requirements for juvenile and pre‐adult gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III)

Two 8‐week growth trials were conducted in indoor recirculation system to evaluate the protein requirements for juvenile (3.70 ± 0.20 g) and pre‐adult (85.2 ± 0.70 g) gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III. Six isoenergetic diets were formulated for each trial using fish meal and casein as protein sources, and protein level was 250–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 and 200–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 2. With the increasing dietary protein, feeding rate (FR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Weight gain (WG) increased first and then reached a plateau in 330–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 (P > 0.05), while decreased after the maximum value in 350 g kg^?1 in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). Productive protein values (PPVs) were lower in 370–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 and 400–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary protein level increased protein content and decreased lipid content in whole fish body and white muscle (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matters (ADC_d) decreased, while apparent digestibility coefficient of protein (ADC_p) increased in 370–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 and 250–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). Trypsin activity significantly increased in 370–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 (P < 0.05) and was not affected in Trial 2 (P > 0.05). Hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in both trials increased when dietary protein was above 400 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05). Based on quadratic regression of WG, it was estimated that dietary protein requirement for maximum growth was 414 g kg^?1 (digestible protein of 376 g kg^?1) and 365 g kg^?1 (digestible protein of 324 g kg^?1) for juvenile (3.70 g) and pre‐adult gibel carp (85.2 g).     

坛紫菜自由丝状体细胞超微结构的初步研究

本文介绍了用扫描电镜和透射电镜对坛紫菜自由丝状体细胞观察的结果。发现在坛紫菜自由丝状体的膨大藻丝细胞外壁上具有脊突；在丝状藻丝及膨大藻丝细胞的间壁上，存在着孔状联系。在坛紫菜自由丝状体的细胞质中，清晰地观察到内质网结构；这些内质网多分布于细胞核的周围，有些地方并与核膜连接，在细胞膜的附近也能观察到内质网的存在。在细胞核中可以看到双层核膜，在双层核膜之间是一核膜间区，核膜上具有核孔，此外还可见到核仁和浓聚深色的染色质。     

温度、盐度对西藏卤虫卵孵化率的影响

西藏卤虫(Antemia tibetiana)是一种重要的水产资源,其无节幼体是鱼虾幼苗的优质饵料。影响卤虫卵孵化的因素有多种,最重要的是温度和盐度。本文探讨了不同的温度和盐度对西藏卤虫卵孵化率的影响,也进行了光照对孵化率影响的对比试验。结果表明在温度28℃、盐度15时孵化率最高,无光照时会显著降低卤虫卵的孵化率。     

Effect of yeast polysaccharide on some hematologic parameter and gut morphology in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary yeast polysaccharides on some hematologic parameters and intestinal morphology of channel catfish. Channel catfish were fed diets containing yeast polysaccharides at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3?% for 7?weeks. Each diet was provided to 10 channel catfish specimens (5.82?±?0.13?g initial weight) replicated 3?times in individual 250?L fiberglass tanks. Some hematologic parameters, leukocyte phagocytic activity, and intestinal morphology were monitored. After 7?weeks of trial, 0.2?% yeast polysaccharides resulted in significantly higher (P?相似文献   

东海带鱼摄食习性、饵料基础及与渔场的关系

本文对东海主要渔场中带鱼Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus的摄食习性、饵料浮游生物的群落结构及数量分布等进行了阐述和分析，并对其与渔场间的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明，东海带鱼是一种以磷虾等甲壳动物和小型鱼类等为主食，并兼食头足类、毛颚动物等的杂食性鱼类。研究结果还阐明浮游动物生物量及磷虾等的数量分布同东海带鱼渔场的位置变化和鱼群移动的关系密切，其中冬、春季浙江南部近海渔场；夏、秋季长江口及海礁、舟山等渔场，其关系尤为明显。     

“苏蟹一号”F3代选育群体生物学特性分析

经过连续3代的群体选育,"苏蟹一号"F3代选育群体呈现长江水系河蟹特征,表现出优质、高产、抗逆等优良经济性状。F3代选育群体雌蟹呈现二元分化,平均体重为150g、120g,雄蟹平均体重150g。11月上旬的养殖河蟹雌性群体可食部分分别占体重的35.05%、36.78%,雄性群体为29.56%。雌蟹肥满度、成熟系数、性/肝指数分别为0.54、9.69%、155.47%,0.55、10.51%、166.58%;雄蟹分别为0.59、2.31%、41.48%。雌蟹可食部分蛋白质含量21.62%、20.85%,脂肪含量10.37%、8.43%、氨基酸含量19.07%,、19.83%;雄蟹分别为15.20%、7.05%、13.78%。     

浅色黄姑鱼鳃结构及其呼吸面积的研究

应用扫描电镜技术对体重范围在4.75～35.51g的浅色黄姑鱼（Nibea coibor）鳃结构及鳃小片进行了观察与呼吸面积计算,研究体重、体长与呼吸面积之间的相关关系。结果表明,浅色黄姑鱼的平均相对呼吸面积为4.01±1.62cm^2·g^-1。体重与一侧鳃丝总数的相关性N=28.81＋158.45lnW（R^2=0.9670,P〈0.01）较体长与一侧鳃丝总数的相关性N=17.31L^1.4542（R^2=0.8241,P〈0.01）更为显著。单位mm鳃小片的数目随着体重的不断增加显著减少,N=49.971W^-0.3909（P〈0.01）。单个鳃小片的面积随体重的增大而显著增加,a=0.3199W^0.2528（P〈0.01）。总呼吸面积随体重的增大而显著增加,A=11.559W^0.7109（P〈0.01）。相对呼吸面积随体重的增大而显著减小,RA=11.561W^-0.2904（P〈0.01）。