梯形组合刀盘设计及作业性能试验

针对免耕播种机开沟器工作中容易出现缠草堵塞、草土混杂及干湿土混杂影响播种质量的问题,设计了一种新型梯形组合刀盘,制作了试验装置,并进行了土槽和田间试验。试验表明:梯形组合刀盘在秸秆覆盖量不大于1.2kg/m2时,通过性满足要求;梯形组合刀盘工作时组合刀盘和开沟器先后开出"W"沟和"V"沟,草土分离系数达95%,干湿土分离系数可达91.7%。梯形组合刀盘破茬防堵性能可靠,实现了草土分离及干湿土分离,可为种子萌发及出苗创造良好条件。     

基于FEM-SPH耦合算法的土壤切削仿真研究

建立了旋耕刀和土壤的FEM-SPH耦合仿真模型,基于FEM-SPH耦合算法,采用MAT147土壤材料和国家标准Ⅲ型旋耕刀,结合LS-DYNA971求解器,对土壤切削仿真进行了研究。对旋耕刀切削土壤的耕作过程进行了数值仿真模拟分析,得到了切削力和切土能耗随时间的变化曲线;计算出旋耕刀单刀切土扭矩为8.75N·m,与试验结果接近。通过正交试验分析,耕作深度为主导因子,对切土功率影响较大,调整耕作深度可有效降低土壤切削的功耗,提高耕作效率。研究表明:FEM-SPH耦合算法可有效应用于土壤切削仿真,可为研究土壤的破碎机理和耕作器具的优化设计提供理论依据。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

Nanoemulsion formulation of florfenicol improves bioavailability in pigs

Nanotechnology applications in medicine have seen a tremendous growth in the past decade and are being employed to enhance the stability and bioavailability of lipophilic substances, such as florfenicol. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic properties of the formulated oil‐in‐water florfenicol‐loaded nanoemulsion (FF‐NE). FF‐NE and florfenicol control (Nuflor^®) were administered to the pigs at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Nanoemulsion formulation of florfenicol was highly influenced in vivo plasma profile. The in vivo absorption study in pigs indicated that C_max (14.54 μg/mL) was significantly higher in FF‐NE, 3.42 times higher than the marketed formulation. In comparison with the control group, the relative bioavailability of formulated nanoemulsion was up to 134.5%. Assessment of bioequivalence using log‐transformed data showed that the 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) of C_max and AUC_0–∞ were 2.48–4.60 and 1.21–1.72, respectively.     

HSP90 gene expression induced by aspirin is associated with damage remission in a chicken myocardial cell culture exposed to heat stress

1. To understand the potential protection of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) induced by aspirin against heat stress damage in chicken myocardial cells, enzyme activities related to stress damage, cytopathological changes, the expression and distribution of HSP90, and HSP90 mRNA levels in the myocardial cells exposed to heat stress (42°C) for different durations with or without aspirin administration (1 mg/ml, 2 h prior) in vitro were investigated.

2. Significant increase of enzyme levels in the supernatant of heat-stressed myocardial cells and cellular lesions characterised by acute degeneration, karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis were observed, compared to non-treated cells. However, the lesions of cells treated with aspirin were milder, characterised by earlier recovery of enzyme levels to the control levels and no obvious heat stress-related cellular necrosis.

3. Stronger positive signals in the cytoplasm and longer retention of HSP90 signal in nuclei were observed in aspirin-treated myocardial cells than those of only heat-stressed cells. HSP90 level in the aspirin-treated myocardial cells was 11.1-fold higher than that in non-treated cells, and remained at a high level at the early stage of heat stress, whereas it was just 4.1-fold higher in only heat-stressed cells and returned rapidly to a low level.

4. Overexpression of HSP90 mRNA in aspirin-treated cells was observed throughout the experiment, whereas HSP90 mRNA decreased significantly only in heat-stressed cells.

5. The early higher HSP90 expression induced by aspirin during heat stress was accompanied by decreased heat stress damage, suggesting that aspirin might play an important role in preventing myocardial cells from heat stress damage in vitro.

     

亚美马褂木不同生根类型硬枝扦插苗生长研究

以珍珠岩基质中亚美马褂木硬枝扦插苗为研究对象,研究了扦插苗生根类型、不定根数、不定根长、苗高、基径、鲜样质量和根芽距等生长指标,为选择高生长和高生根率无性系提供参考。结果表明:亚美马褂木扦插苗不定根形成有3种生根类型即皮部生根类型、中间生根类型和愈伤生根类型,其中愈伤生根类型扦插苗成活数量多,中间生根类型扦插苗生长最好,愈伤生根类型扦插苗生长较好。扦插苗鲜样质量与不定根数、不定根长、苗高和基径等相关系数达极显著正相关,苗高与不定根数和基径、不定根数与基径等相关系数达极显著正相关,不定根数与生根类型相关系数达极显著负相关。     

不同鲜食葡萄品种品质差异性分析

以陕西西安郊区温室与露地不同葡萄品种为试材,综合评定了果实品质指标(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、白藜芦醇、原花青素),以期为筛选适宜陕西西安郊区栽培的优良鲜食葡萄品种提供参考依据。结果表明:从不同品种筛选方面,温室品种"夏黑""户太8号"综合品质优良,其次是"红芭拉蒂"和"金优2号";露地品种"夏黑""红芭拉蒂"综合品质较优,其次是"着色香""佛雷"。从品质表现筛选方面,温室品种"户太8号"和"红芭拉蒂"风味较优,"红芭拉蒂"和"夏黑"营养价值较优,"夏黑"和"金优2号"的口感较好,"夏黑"的活性物质较高;露地品种"着色香"和"金手指"风味较好,"红芭拉蒂"营养价值较高,"户太8号""着色香"的口感较好,其次是"佛雷","佛雷"和"夏黑"活性物质含量较高。从成熟期筛选方面,早熟和中熟品种优于晚熟和极早熟品种。从栽培方式来看,直插优于嫁接,砧木对品质有一定影响。     

Stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using open pulled straws (OPS) in the mouse: a potential model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos

In the present study, mouse blastocysts were employed to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using the open pulled straw (OPS) method. In experiment I, the effects of various vitrification solutions (VS) on embryo survival were examined. After thawing, the expanded blastocyst rates (97.59 and 95.05%) and hatching rates (80.48 and 78.95%) achieved in the EDFS30 [15% ethylene glycol (EG), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ficoll, and sucrose] and EFS40 [40% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] groups were no different from those (96.15% and 83.33%) of the control group. However, the rates in the EFS30 [30% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] (87.80 and 55.43%) and EDFS40 [20% EG, 20% DMSO, Ficoll, and sucrose] (95.69 and 70.97%) groups were significantly lower than those (96.15 and 83.33%) of the control group (P<0.05). In the experiment II, the effects of the volume of VS in the OPS on the survival of embryos after in-straw thawing were investigated. When the length of the VS in the column was less than 1 cm, the in vitro viability of embryos thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution was no different among the experimental and control groups. The embryos could be successfully thawed by immersing the OPS in 0.5 M sucrose for 3 min and then 0.25 M sucrose for 2 min. In experiment III, the effect of immersion time of the OPS in diluent (PBS) on the viability of vitrified embryos was investigated. After in-straw thawing, OPSs were immersed immediately in 1 ml PBS for 0 to 30 min. When the immersion time of the OPSs in PBS was less than 12 min, in vitro development of the in-straw thawed embryos was no different from that of the controls. In experiment IV, in-straw thawed blastocysts were directly transferred to pseudopregnant mice to examine their in vivo developmental viability. The pregnancy (91.67%) and birth rates (42.42%) of embryos in-straw thawed and directly transferred were no different from those of the unvitrified controls (90.90 and 40%) and embryos thawed by the conventional method (84.61 and 46.94%). These results demonstrate that mouse embryos vitrified with OPS could be successfully thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution and transferred directly to a recipient and that this method might be a model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos in farm animals.     

二化螟dsRNA降解酶基因的克隆与表达分析

为解析二化螟Chilo suppressalis体内参与降解双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)的关键核酸酶的功能,克隆二化螟不同的非专一性核酸酶（non-specific nuclease,NUC）基因,并对这些基因进行生物信息学分析和组织定量表达分析,同时对dsRNA降解酶（dsRNA degrading nuclease,dsRNase）活力的组织分布进行研究。结果显示,共克隆获得5个NUC基因,其中有4个编码dsRNase亚家族基因（CsdsRNase1～CsdsRNase4）和1个编码Endonuclease G亚家族基因（CsEndoG）。5个NUC基因的开放阅读框核苷酸序列长度范围为828～1 338 bp,编码275～445个氨基酸残基,其分子量大小为31.68～49.57 kD,预测等电点为5.48～9.42。CsdsRNase1和CsdsRNase2含有信号肽序列,两者相似度极高,且与家蚕Bombyx mori和斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura中具有dsRNA降解酶活力的dsRNase同源聚类;CsdsRNase1和CsdsRN...