一种新型燃气防泄漏多重保护装置的设计

介绍一种新型燃气防泄漏多重保护装置的结构和工作原理,并阐述了控制系统的特点。实验表明,它能在燃气使用前进行检测及自动报警、发生火灾或温度过高时自动关闭燃气开关、用户忘记关闭总闸时定时自动关闭总阀,该装置具有反应灵敏、制动迅速的特点,能够从根本上检测预防燃气的泄漏问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

过表达桑树色氨酸脱羧酶基因(MnTDC)转基因烟草提高其耐盐性

褪黑素在植物生长、发育、生物与非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用.色氨酸脱羧酶(tryptophan decarboxylase,TDC)是褪黑素生物合成中第一个重要的酶.本研究克隆川桑TDC基因,并将其转入烟草中过表达,探讨MnTDC在盐胁迫下的作用机制.结果 表明,成功构建过表达载体pLGNL-MnTDC,并经过农杆菌介导的愈伤组织转化获得3个独立转基因系.GUS染色、基因组PCR鉴定证明MnTDC成功转化到烟草株系中.qRT-PCR结果表明MnTDC在3个转基因烟草株系中的转录水平显著高于野生型(WT).UPLC-MS/MS结果表明转基因株系显著提高了褪黑素的生物合成量.盐胁迫下,Mn TDC过表达烟草与野生株系烟草相比,耐盐性显著增强.转基因烟草株系中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于野生株系烟草,脯氨酸(Pro)等调节渗透压物质的含量和ERD10C等调节渗透压的基因表达量显著高于野生株系烟草,转基因株系中丙二醛(MDA)含量比野生株系烟草低.研究结果表明,MnTDC通过调节烟草细胞中褪黑素的含量进而影响了烟草植株整体的耐盐性.本研究初步揭示了MnTDC基因的抗逆功能,为桑树耐盐分子育种提供了重要候选基因和理论参考.     

长白和大白猪主要生长性状的遗传参数估计

旨在分析母猪的出生年份、出生季节、初生重、开测日龄等固定效应对长白、大白猪主要生长性状的影响,并对目标生长性状进行遗传参数估计（遗传力、遗传方差、表型相关和遗传相关）,为猪的遗传改良提供基本依据。本试验利用GLM模型分析试验猪群（398头长白猪和1 176头大白猪）的固定效应对猪生长性状的影响,并采用多性状动物模型对目标性状进行遗传参数估计。目标生长性状包括达100 kg体重日龄（age to 100 kg,AGE）、达100 kg背膘厚（backfat to 100 kg,BF）、100 kg平均日增重（average daily gain to 100 kg,ADG）。研究表明,在大白和长白猪中,猪的出生年、出生季、初生重以及开测日龄对生长性状均具有极显著的影响（P<0.001）;长白猪的AGE、ADG和BF的遗传力分别为0.321、0.327和0.324,大白猪对应性状的遗传力分别为0.454、0.469和0.408;长白猪的ADG和AGE之间的遗传相关、表型相关分别为-0.990、-0.995,大白猪的ADG和AGE之间的遗传相关、表型相关分别为-0.993、-0.998,均呈现较强的负相关。长白、大白猪的生长性状（AGE、ADG、BF）均属于中等遗传力性状,其出生年份、出生季节、初生重和开测日龄对猪的生长性状影响较大。在遗传参数估计分析时,提高样本数量并提升表型数据质量,可以增加遗传参数估计的可靠性。本研究中的生长性状遗传参数估计结果较为可靠,可为后续的遗传改良提供参考。     

Selenium supplementation improves nutrient intake and digestibility,and mitigates CH4 emissions from sheep grazed on the mixed pasture of alfalfa and tall fescue

Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH₄-E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se.     

2016—2020年安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征定点监测

为了解安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)免疫状况及流行趋势,2016—2020年采用间接ELISA和荧光RT-PCR方法,在代表安徽省不同区域的3个定点监测县,随机采集21个规模化猪场的1 190份猪血清和1 189份猪扁桃体样品,分别进行血清抗体检测和病毒核酸检测,并统计分析时间、区间、群间变化规律。结果显示:安徽省3个定点监测县的HP-PRRS平均免疫抗体合格率为81.26%,连续5年每年均有病原检出,平均病原样品阳性率为16.82%;5年内,免疫抗体合格率和病原阳性率呈波浪状变化,2019年抗体合格率最高(92.78%),而2020年又降至70%以下;中小型场抗体合格率偏低,而病原阳性率偏高;皖中地区定点监测县的抗体合格率最低(不足70%),而病原样品阳性率最高(接近30%);保育猪、育肥猪抗体合格率偏低(不足80%),而保育猪、哺乳仔猪病原样品阳性率偏高(超过28%);灭活苗免疫猪群的抗体合格率最高(90.56%)。结果表明:安徽省3个定点监测县的HP-PRRS免疫效果较好,但抗体保护水平不稳定,病原污染面广、流行时间长。建议各地根据各自实际情况和流行特点,采取各有侧重的防控策略,将中小规模养殖场尤其是保育猪、哺乳仔猪和育肥猪群作为防控重点。本研究为HP-PRRS防控提供了技术支持。     

2020年宁夏吴忠市畜间包虫病流行病学调查

为了解宁夏吴忠市畜间包虫病流行范围及防治效果,科学规范指导下一阶段包虫病防治工作,2020年对吴忠市5个县(市、区)采用基本情况调查、实验室抽样检测等方法进行了畜间包虫病流行病学调查。共检测犬粪样品1 861份,犬细粒棘球绦虫感染阳性率为0.75%;抽检羊脏器4 027份,棘球蚴感染率为0.22%,有3个县区检出感染;检测牛脏器1 207份,棘球蚴感染率为0.17%,仅1个县检出感染。3个免疫试点县区中,同心县新生羔羊免疫率较低(36.18%),而羊棘球蚴感染率最高(0.66%)。统计分析显示,犬棘球蚴感染与牛羊感染呈正相关。结果表明,吴忠市畜间包虫病控制效果较好,但仍存在一定的棘球蚴感染,需要继续做好牛羊饲养管理和犬只驱虫,加强包虫病防治宣传,在重点地区大力推广包虫病疫苗免疫,逐步净化包虫病。本调查为该地区包虫病综合防治和净化提供了依据。     

立足大国农业,培养"养猪达人""猪生产技术"课程思政教学改革探索

文章以畜牧兽医类专业核心课程“猪生产技术”育人目标为出发点,结合“课程思政”的教育理念,阐述“猪生产技术”课程思政实施必要性,探索课程思政元素挖掘和教学实施,将爱国情怀、生态保护、责任担当、职业素养、团队协作、食品安全等思政元素融入课程教学过程中,旨在探索专业课程内容与思政内容融合要点,从而提高学生的专业素养、职业素养和道德水平。     

关于天津市非洲猪瘟无疫小区创建工作的思考

2019年12月,农业农村部组织制定颁发了《无规定动物疫病小区评估管理办法》（农业农村部公告第242号）、《农业农村部办公厅关于印发<无非洲猪瘟区标准>和<无规定动物疫病小区管理技术规范>的通知》（农办牧[2019]86号）等文件,随即启动了非洲猪瘟无疫小区建设工作。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。