响应面法优化链霉菌702产抑真菌物质生料发酵培养基

用响应面分析方法对链霉菌702产抑真菌物质生料发酵培养基进行了研究。实验首先利用部分重复因子试验筛选出链霉菌702发酵产抑真菌物质的关键因素为玉米淀粉和蛋白胨,其次利用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区,最后利用中心组合设计及响应曲面分析确定关键因素的最佳浓度。通过优化得到玉米淀粉和蛋白胨的最适浓度分别为16.83 g/L、8.64 g/L,在优化后的培养基中链霉菌702产抑真菌物质效价达到1 214.52μg/mL,比优化前789.41μg/mL提高了53.85%。     

贝类受精细胞学的研究现状

从成熟卵子的核相与体外促熟,精子的顶体反应,受精膜的形成,极体的释放与雌雄原核的形成以及多精入卵方面综述了贝类受精细胞学的研究成果,并展望了这一领域的研究和应用前景。     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacillus: A Comprehensive Review of Origins,Structures, and Bioactivities

The marine is a highly complex ecosystem including various microorganisms. Bacillus species is a predominant microbialflora widely distributed in marine ecosystems. This review aims to provide a systematic summary of the newly reported metabolites produced by marine-derived Bacillus species over recent years covering the literature from 2014 to 2021. It describes the structural diversity and biological activities of the reported compounds. Herein, a total of 87 newly reported metabolites are included in this article, among which 49 compounds originated from marine sediments, indicating that marine sediments are majority sources of productive strains of Bacillus species Therefore, marine-derived Bacillus species are a potentially promising source for the discovery of new metabolites.     

Preparation and Hepatoprotective Activities of Peptides Derived from Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625–10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25–800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

小麦抗白粉病及分子标记研究进展

小麦白粉病是威胁小麦的主要病害。实践证明,选育和应用抗病品种是解决小麦白粉病最经济、安全、有效的措施。近年来,分子标记技术的快速发展为小麦抗白粉病基因的研究奠定了基础。对小麦白粉病菌的形态特征、毒性频率、抗性基因来源、染色体定位、生理抗性、抗性基因应用等方面研究进展进行了综述,旨为小麦抗病育种提供参考依据。由于病原菌生理小种极容易变异,导致克服寄主原有抗性,可通过基因聚合使不同抗性基因实现有效结合,拓宽其抗谱,提高其抗性持久性,对小麦白粉病抗性研究具有重要理论和实践意义。     

中国大豆生产现状与前景展望

通过对1949年至今全国大豆(Glycine max L.)历史数据的整理,详细分析了各地区大豆产量、播种面积和单产变动规律、分布特征和波动周期,探讨了影响中国大豆生产的重要因素,建立了中国大豆单产预测模型(指数拟合曲线、线性拟合曲线和多项式拟合曲线),对未来(2020—2035年)中国大豆产量进行展望。研究发现,中华人民共和国成立以来中国大豆产量的增加主要来自单产增长;与其他粮食品种相比,中国大豆生产表现出生产地区相对集中、产量波动频率高、波动周期短和波动幅度大的特点;预计2030年中国大豆产量将达0.25亿t,到2035年将增加至0.27亿t,低于美国、巴西等国家的产量水平,但远高于加拿大、澳大利亚以及印度等国家。     

光对园艺植物花青素生物合成的调控作用

花青素是植物中一类重要的类黄酮化合物,在植物花朵、果实等器官色泽形成和抗氧化过程中起着重要作用。植物组织中花青素的形成依赖于光信号,但是光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机制及信号网络很大程度上还不清晰。本文简述了花青素生物合成及运转过程的研究进展,简要归纳了MYB、bHLH、WDR三类主要因子对花青素合成的转录调控作用,重点阐释光信号(光强、光质、光照时长)对植物花青素合成的调控作用。研究表明,光环境(光强、光质、光照时长)主要通过不同的光受体(UVR8、CRYs、PHOTs、PHYs)影响光信号通路重要因子COP1的泛素化能力和HY5的稳定性,以及其他光信号转录因子如光敏色素互作因子PIFs的稳定性,进而调控花青素的生物合成过程。这些光信号因子一方面直接结合到调控花青素合成的MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子上,转录激活或抑制它们的表达进而调控花青素的合成;另一方面,这些光信号因子通过与MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子蛋白互作,影响它们形成的MBW复合体稳定性,进而调控花青素的合成。此外,这些光信号因子还可以通过不依赖于MBW复合体的通路调控花青素的合成,如HY5通过调控miR...     

1株猫杯状病毒的分离鉴定及其ORF2序列的遗传演化分析

为了解猫杯状病毒形态特征及遗传演化情况,采用F81细胞从患病宠物猫的鼻拭子样品中分离获得1株猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus,FCV),命名为SH1.经电镜观察,病毒粒子呈球形,无囊膜,符合FCV的形态特征.采用RT-PCR方法扩增了该毒株的全基因组,并进行了序列测定和衣壳蛋白基因(ORF2)序列的分析...     

黄淮海地区不同种植结构下点蜂缘蝽的发生规律

为明确大豆-玉米带状间作种植模式对点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris发生规律的影响,2023年在山东省大豆单作田中进行诱捕效果试验,筛选诱捕效果最好的诱捕器对黄淮海地区山东、河南和安徽3个省6个市不同种植模式下点蜂缘蝽的发生动态进行监测。结果显示,风叶型诱捕器对点蜂缘蝽的诱捕效果最佳。在大豆单作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生高峰期为7月中旬—8月中旬,此时大豆正值盛花-始荚期。在大豆-玉米带状间作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生动态与大豆单作田的无明显差异,但点蜂缘蝽发生数量及高峰期发生时间可能与杀虫剂的施用时间和次数密切相关。