武威地区天然草地有毒植物及其防除

对武威地区天然草地有毒植物的种类，分布及其对草地的危害情况进行了调查研究，结果表明，全区天然草地共有毒植物１７２号，分属３１科８４属，平均２．１５种／ｍ＾２，盖度达４．４１％地上部分生物量１１．２８ｇ／ｍ＾２。对草地危害的主要黄花棘豆，甘肃棘豆，小花棘豆，狼毒和马草，受侵害的草地主要是山地草甸和山地草原，通过分析，提出了有毒植物防除和利用的建议。     

用于滴灌的碟式分离机的转鼓有限元优化设计

碟式分离机的转鼓是一个复杂的锥体,按照传统算法进行其强度计算,得到的结果往往具有很大的质量富余,从而影响到分离机的综合经济指标.为解决这一问题,在有限元应力分析的基础上,以转鼓的总质量为目标函数,以其部分结构参数为优化参数,建立了转鼓的优化设计数学模型.该模型为多维约束优化问题,选取了惩罚函数内点法进行求解,并给出了算法流程图.对实际转鼓的优化结果表明,在保证强度、刚度的前提下,可使分离机的转鼓质量减小24.2%,可提高机械效率,延长转鼓使用寿命.     

Association of RBP‐4 gene polymorphisms with follicular cysts in large white sows

Follicular cysts, which is a common infertility disease, can cause financial losses in pig breeding programmes. The pathogenesis and mechanisms of the formation of follicular cysts are not understood clearly. In our previous study, the concentration of retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP‐4) in the follicular fluid (FF) of the ovary with follicular cysts was found to be significantly higher than that of normal ovary, thereby suggesting that RBP‐4 may be a candidate biomarker for porcine follicular cysts. To study the association of RBP‐4 and follicular cysts further, we detected the polymorphisms of the RBP‐4 gene and the presence of follicular cysts by PCR‐Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. In this study, we screened the mutations of RBP‐4 gene in 79 sows with follicular cysts and 100 normal sows without cysts. Results showed that +249‐63G>C polymorphisms were significantly associated with follicular cysts, and sows with CC genotype in RBP‐4 gene had a high risk of developing follicular cysts. Hence, our findings further proved that RBP‐4 may be a novel biomarker for follicular cysts, which may be valuable for the diagnosis of follicular cysts and molecular breeding of pigs.     

甘露糖浸种对干旱胁迫下白三叶种子萌发及抗旱性的影响

以‘拉丁诺'(Ladino)白三叶为供试材料,研究甘露糖(MAS)浸种对18%PEG6000干旱胁迫下白三叶种子萌发过程中淀粉代谢、根系活力、渗透调节、抗氧化防御及基因差异表达的影响。试验结果表明,低浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0mmol·L^-1)的MAS浸种预处理能显著提高干旱胁迫下白三叶种子的萌发,其中2.0mmol·L^-1的MAS效果最为明显,但高浓度(10.0mmol·L^-1)的MAS浸种处理显著降低了干旱胁迫下种子的萌发率。进一步试验发现,2.0mmol·L^-1MAS浸种预处理能显著提高干旱胁迫下种子萌发时根系生长、根系活力和淀粉酶活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫抑制的淀粉分解,也显著增加了干旱胁迫下种子萌发过程中游离脯氨酸的积累,并降低细胞渗透势。此外,2.0mmol·L^-1的MAS浸种预处理后,种子在干旱胁迫下萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及细胞总抗氧化能力显著提高,MnSOD和POD基因转录水平显著增强,维持了细胞内显著较低的活性氧、电解质渗透率和MDA含量,缓解了胁迫对细胞造成的氧化性伤害。但2.0mmol·L^-1MAS浸种预处理并没有提高水分胁迫下白三叶种子萌发时可溶性糖含量,推测MAS促进淀粉分解产生的糖可能主要用于维持胁迫下籽苗的生长。上述结果表明MAS显著提高白三叶种子在干旱胁迫下萌发时的抗性且与促进淀粉代谢、提高渗透调节能力及增强抗氧化防御系统密切相关,且低浓度MAS浸种处理对正常水分条件下白三叶种子萌发也具有一定的促进作用。     

Isolation, expansion, and differentiation of goat adipose-derived stem cells

A goat adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) line was established and compared to a rat line. Goat ADSC cells had normal diploidy after subculture. Proliferation of goat ADSCs was faster than rat cells in the same conditions. Both rat and goat ADSCs stained positively for vimentin, CD49d, CD44 and CD13, but stained negatively for CD34 and CD106. Bone nodules were apparent, and alizarin staining was positive after osteogenic induction. Cells expressing osteocalcin were positive by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. After osteogenic induction, ossification nodules of goat ADSCs were larger than in rats, with dense ALP staining. Adipogenic induction resulting in lipid droplets and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ2) expression were observed. Cartilage lacunae were formed and COL2A1 was expressed. More cartilage lacunae with better morphology were seen following differentiation of goat ADSC's using the hang-drop method. For goat ADSCs, results with both adherent-induced and hanging-drop induced cultures were better than for three-dimensional cultures.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb)在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

利用PCR技术将透明颠菌血红蛋白基因（vgb）克隆到融合表达载体pET28a，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）表达。重组蛋白在30℃诱导获得可溶表达。利用Ni^2＋亲和层析对重组蛋白进行了纯化，得到重组的透明颠菌血红蛋白，蛋白呈红色。实验现象显示重组蛋白与血红索相结合。紫外光区和可见光区波长扫描分析显示：蛋白粗提物和纯化后的血红蛋白在230nm和413nm都有强吸收峰，初步表明，尽管重组蛋白比天然蛋白多36个氨基酸，重组蛋白仍然具有生理活性。诱导后4h和6h的培养液氨基乙酰丙酸含量分别达到17mg／L和21mg／L。说明重组蛋白的表达明显促进了体内heme合成途径。     

Risk-based surveillance for avian influenza control along poultry market chains in South China: The value of social network analysis

Over the past two decades, the poultry sector in China went through a phase of tremendous growth as well as rapid intensification and concentration. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 was first detected in 1996 in Guangdong province, South China and started spreading throughout Asia in early 2004. Since then, control of the disease in China has relied heavily on wide-scale preventive vaccination combined with movement control, quarantine and stamping out. This strategy has been successful in drastically reducing the number of outbreaks during the past 5years. However, HPAIV H5N1 is still circulating and is regularly isolated in traditional live bird markets (LBMs) where viral infection can persist, which represent a public health hazard for people visiting them. The use of social network analysis in combination with epidemiological surveillance in South China has identified areas where the success of current strategies for HPAI control in the poultry production sector may benefit from better knowledge of poultry trading patterns and the LBM network configuration as well as their capacity for maintaining HPAIV H5N1 infection. We produced a set of LBM network maps and estimated the associated risk of HPAIV H5N1 within LBMs and along poultry market chains, providing new insights into how live poultry trade and infection are intertwined. More specifically, our study provides evidence that several biosecurity factors such as daily cage cleaning, daily cage disinfection or manure processing contribute to a reduction in HPAIV H5N1 presence in LBMs. Of significant importance is that the results of our study also show the association between social network indicators and the presence of HPAIV H5N1 in specific network configurations such as the one represented by the counties of origin of the birds traded in LBMs. This new information could be used to develop more targeted and effective control interventions.     

猪前腔静脉采血方法与注意事项

随着生猪养殖的规模化发展,各种细菌病毒也在随着环境的改变而变异,防疫任务加重,繁重的防疫工作完成后,辛苦付出了但是防疫效果如何,是否达到了预期的免疫目的,则需要采血进行实验室检验来考核,现将我在采取前腔静脉采血时的操作过程讲述如下供同行参考。     

饲料中沙丁胺醇快速检测技术研究

本实验在现有的克伦特罗检测系统上建立了沙丁胺醇的酶联免疫吸附检测体系。结果表明,该方法在饲料中沙丁胺醇的检测中完全可行。     

兽医实验室质量管理的基本要求

兽医实验室的检测质量一直是检测人员和相关兽医工作人员关注的核心问题。如何做好兽医实验室的质量管理,特别是在与国际兽医实验室质量管理模式接轨的同时,提出符合我国畜牧业发展现状、适合国情需要的兽医实验室基本资格要求和不