金安桥水电站初次蓄水对导流洞稳定性影响的计算分析

金安桥水电站下闸蓄水后，陡升的库水位将对导流洞结构稳定造成不利影响。为保障堵头封堵前的导流洞结构稳定性，运用三维弹塑性损伤有限元，在模拟进水口边坡及导流洞开挖支护的基础上，计算汛前下闸水位时的岩体渗流场，对导流洞围岩和衬砌在岩体渗流作用下的结构稳定性进行复核分析。分析结果表明，导流洞的围岩稳定性在蓄水后仍有保障，衬砌结构受力较小，现有环向配筋满足结构内力要求，但在进水口变截面和导流洞变截面部位沿水流方向的拉应力较大，使得衬砌出现开裂。进一步分析表明，上述区域的开裂范围有限，对整体衬砌结构影响较小。     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

Identification of organic acid-related genes and their expression profiles in two pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars with difference in predominant acid type at fruit ripening stage

‘Yandangxueli’ is a pear cultivar with predominant citric acid in the ripe fruit, different from most of pear cultivars such as ‘Gengtouqing’ in which malic acid is the predominant acid type. It was found that ‘Yandangxueli’ accumulated citric acid for three times against that in ‘Gengtouqing’ at fruit ripening stage. To investigate the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in ‘Yandangxueli’, organic acids content, gene expression and enzyme activity were studied in both cultivars. Five genes, Pp:mtCs, Pp:cyAco, Pp:cyIdh, Pp:mtMdh and Pp:cyMe which encoded citric synthase (CS), cytosolic aconitase (cyACO), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) respectively, were identified from pear fruit. Their expression profiles and the corresponding enzyme activities were determined throughout fruit development in both cultivars. Results from these enzymes indicated that there were no strict relationship between gene expression, enzyme activity and citric acid accumulation. Expression analysis for two Py:vVAtp genes encoding vacuolar H⁺-ATPase A subunit and one Py:vVpp gene encoding Vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase showed that they were all with up-regulated expression at the later development stage of ‘Yandangxueli’ but with down-regulated expression in ‘Gengtouqing’. Therefore, it is concluded that the different ability in citric acid transportation and storage might be involved in the high citric acid content in ‘Yandangxueli’.     

TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

羊传染性脓疱病毒NZ2毒株CBP蛋白结构分析与表位预测

本研究应用生物信息学方法,以ORFV NZ2毒株的CBP蛋白氨基酸序列为研究对象,对CBP蛋白的理化特性、亲水性、跨膜区、信号肽、二级结构、三级结构、B细胞表位和T细胞表位进行了预测分析。结果显示,CBP蛋白的相对分子质量为31.179 89 kDa,理论等电点为4.68,半衰期为30 h,稳定系数为43.06,脂肪族指数为81.78,总平均亲水性为-0.383。CBP蛋白为亲水性蛋白,无跨膜区,不属于跨膜蛋白,存在信号肽;二级结构中α螺旋、β折叠、β转角、无规卷曲分别占38.11%、33.91%、5.94%和10.48%,三级结构形似倒立的哑铃,上下对称。筛选出了6个优势B细胞表位、3个CTL细胞表位,无Th细胞表位。CBP蛋白为亲水性膜外蛋白,细胞表位较少,在细胞膜外为ORFV逃避宿主免疫反应发挥作用。本研究为CBP蛋白的功能研究与ORFV的致病机制研究提供了理论依据。     

广西5种人工林地土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性分析

为当地珍贵速生树种人工林的发展及合理利用提供理论依据。分析广西5种珍贵树种人工林土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性差异,以相同立地条件下12年生的黑木相思(Acacia melanoxylon)、老排(Mytilaria laosensis)、红椎(Castanopsis hystrix)、黧蒴椎(Castanopsis fissa)和火力楠(Michelia macelurei)人工纯林为研究对象,采用稀释平板涂布法和土壤酶活性测定法,测定和分析该5种人工林地土壤微生物数量及酶活性。结果表明:5种林地的土壤微生物总数和细菌数量大小均为:火力楠黧蒴锥红椎黑木相思米老排。但5种林地的土壤酶活性大小不一,蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶活性在5种林地之间的差异极其显著,而过氧化氢酶活性不显著。5种林地中土壤酶活性相对较强的是米老排人工林,较弱的是黑木相思林和火力楠林。土壤酶活性与微生物数量的相关分析表明,土壤中蔗糖酶活性与放线菌数量呈极显著正相关关系,其余相关性没有达到显著水平。     

1株鸭源非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的分离鉴定与致病性分析

为探明引起贵州省某鸭场雏鸭发病的病原及其致病性和耐药情况，本研究对该鸭场送的疑似细菌感染病鸭进行剖检，取鼻黏膜、心脏和肝脏等组织器官接种于培养基中进行细菌分离鉴定，通过对分离菌进行药敏试验、动物回归试验和毒力基因检测研究其耐药情况和致病性。结果显示，分离菌在血琼脂培养基上生长16 h后呈现为边缘整齐、有光泽的乳白色菌落，伴有β-溶血现象，经革兰氏染色后在生物显微镜下呈两端钝圆、弧状、排列无规则的革兰氏阴性短小杆菌，与霍乱弧菌相符；16S rDNA基因序列同源性及系统进化树显示，该分离菌与霍乱弧菌同源性高达99.6%~99.7%聚为一支；药敏试验结果显示，分离菌对大部分药物都表现为耐药，其中对氨苄西林、克林霉素、复方新诺明、苯唑西林和克林霉素等抗菌药耐药性较强，对头孢哌酮和头孢曲松敏感；动物回归试验显示，分离菌可导致试验组雏鸭5 d内全部发病死亡，表明该分离菌对雏鸭具有较强的致病性；毒力基因PCR检测结果显示，检测的霍乱弧菌相关毒力基因hlyA、ompW和chxA为阳性，而检测的O1群rfb、O139群rfb、tcpA及ctxA基因为阴性，表明本次分离的霍乱弧菌携带有致病基因，但不属于O1和O139血清群。结果表明，该鸭场雏鸭发病的疫情病原为非O1/O139血清群霍乱弧菌，该菌致病性强且对多种抗菌药物耐药。本试验结果为贵州省鸭霍乱弧菌病的防控提供了参考依据。     

南方地区高水分玉米安全度夏技术探讨

根据水分的高低,对新收购的高水分玉米分别储存在露天囤和高大平房仓中,将露天囤里的玉米通风降水后转入高大平房仓储存,再对玉米通风降温,并采取仓房密封、悬挂防晒网、空调控温等配套措施控制粮温,期间采取磷化铝多次补药熏蒸杀灭粮堆内害虫及霉菌,使玉米安全度夏。