Variation in glomalin in soil profiles and its association with climatic conditions,shelterbelt characteristics,and soil properties in poplar shelterbelts of Northeast China

Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)sequesters large amounts of carbon and plays important roles in maintaining terrestrial soil ecosystem functions and ecological restoration;however,little is known about GRSP variation in 1-m soil profiles and its association with stand characteristics,soil properties,and climatic conditions,hindering GRSP-related degraded soil improvement and GRSP evaluation.In this study,we sampled soils from 1-m profiles from poplar(Populus spp.)shelterbelts in Northeast China.GRSP contents were 1.8–2.0 times higher in the upper 40 cm soil layers than at 40–100 cm.GRSP-related soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration in deeper soil layers was*1.2 times higher than in surface layers.The amounts of GRSP-related nutrients were similar throughout the soil profile.A redundancy analysis showed that in both surface and deeper layers,soil properties(pH,electrical conductivity,water,SOC,and soil nutrients)explained the majority of the GRSP variation(59.5–84.2%);the second-most-important factor in GRSP regulation was climatic conditions(temperature,precipitation,and altitude),while specific shelterbelt characteristics had negligible effects(<5%).Soil depth and climate indirectly affected GRSP features via soil properties,as manifested by structural equation model analysis.Our findings demonstrate that GRSP is important for carbon storage in deep soils,regardless of shelterbelt characteristics.Future glomalin assessments should consider these vertical patterns and possible regulating mechanisms that are related to soil properties and climatic changes.     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine Sponges of the Genus Oceanapia: Chemistry and Biological Activities

In this review, we summarized the distribution of the chemically investigated Oceanapia sponges, including the isolation and biological activities of their secondary metabolites, covering the literature from the first report in 1989 to July 2019. There have been 110 compounds reported during this period, including 59 alkaloids, 33 lipids, 14 sterols and 4 miscellaneous compounds. Besides their unique structures, they exhibited promising bioactivities ranging from insecticidal to antibacterial. Their complex structural characteristics and diverse biological properties have attracted a great deal of attention from chemists and pharmaceuticals seeking to perform their applications in the treatment of disease.     

比色法测定猪毛菜中总黄酮含量的研究

建立猪毛菜中总黄酮含量的测定方法。采用比色法,以芦丁为对照品,以亚硝酸钠—硝酸铝显色后,在波长504nm处测定吸光度,计算总黄酮含量。芦丁在质量浓度0.0125￣0.0625mg·mL-1时与吸光度呈良好线性关系(R=0.9979),平均加样回收率为101.09%,RSD为1.25%。本方法简便、准确、稳定,可作为检测猪毛菜中总黄酮含量的一种方法。     

植物基因的遗传转化方法

对现有主要植物基因的遗传转化方法进行分析,拟为植物转基因方法的选择提供借鉴。     

枣叶脉网络结构特征研究

叶脉是植物水和养分运输的重要通道,其网络结构具有植物种的特异性,也具有环境的适应性。利用LEAF GUI软件定量获取枣、过渡型和酸枣的叶面积、周长、闭合度、节点数等叶脉网络结构特征值,研究其分布规律和变异趋势,并比较了三者之间的差异。结果表明,酸枣的叶脉网络结构特征与枣和过渡型有显著差异;叶脉网络结构特征的变异具有连续性;酸枣的叶面积、网眼数、节点数等特征较枣小,是其对干旱、瘠薄等生长环境的长期适应的结果。     

决策树在精准农业中的应用现状与发展趋势

决策树算法是一种重要的分类方法,是数据挖掘领域研究热点之一.现介绍了决策树算法当前的研究状况.从土壤质量等级划分、自然灾害分析、遥感影像分类及耕地质量分析等方面介绍决策树算法在精准农业中的应用现状,对决策树算法在精准农业中的应用前景进行了展望.     

竹质活性炭制备的研究进展

分析了1989年以来,国内竹质活性炭制备研究概况,综述了KOH活化法、H3PO4活化法、ZnC l2活化法和水蒸汽活化法制备竹质活性炭的工艺和机理研究进展,通过比较,认为环保型水蒸汽法是常规竹质活性炭制备的发展方向;并提出今后的研究可在三个方面加强:一是全面、系统地研究各因素及因素间的交互作用以深化制备工艺的研究;二是引入新技术以拓展制备技术的研究,三是以应用需要推动制备技术的研究。     

大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体遗传多样性比较

基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区部分序列和4对微卫星标记,对大泷六线鱼放流群体及自然海域群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异进行了比较分析。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析的结果显示,413尾个体共检测到单倍型117种,其中仅Hap₃、 Hap₇和Hap₁7为共享单倍型,占总单倍型数目的 2.5%;放流、野生群体特有单倍型分别为20种和66种,分别占总单倍型数的17.09%和56.41%,放流群体特有单倍型数明显低于野生群体;放流群体和野生群体核苷酸多样性分别为0.005 1～0.006 7和0.005 8～0.007 5,单倍型多样性分别为0.856 7～0.949 9和0.883 1～0.954 9,遗传多样性均较高。微卫星标记分析结果显示,放流、野生群体平均等位基因数(Na)分别为13～44和13～27,平均多态信息含量为0.885 6和0.874 0,均具较高的遗传多态性;群体遗传结构分析结果表明,放流、野生群体间遗传分化水平较低。研究表明,山东近海大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传结构未存在显著的群体分化...     

濮阳小麦越冬冻害气候影响分析及防御对策

利用1971-2009年濮阳39年冬季（年前12月-年后2月）积温、1月份平均气温和1月份极端最低气温的历史资料,运用统计学原理和方法进行气候影响统计分析,得出影响濮阳小麦冻害的类型属于入冬剧烈降温型,是小麦入冬冻害最严重的天气类型。提出了小麦冻害防御对策,包括加强管理提高播种质量、加强冬前麦田管理以及冻后补救措施。越冬冻害由于发生时期早,在后期管理上仍有较大的回旋空间,若管理措施得当,小麦仍可获得较高产量。     

影响甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖条件的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为原料,发酵合成茁霉多糖发酵的初始条件。以生物量和多糖产量为依据,在确定以甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖的初始发酵培养基的基础上,研究影响甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖条件的因素。研究结果表明,以甘蔗糖蜜为原料发酵合成茁霉多糖的生物合成条件是:接种量为15%,发酵温度为30℃,在充足供氧条件下的发酵时间为144h。