Production of mutants with high cold tolerance in spring canola (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>)

A major factor affecting spring canola (Brassica napus) production in Canada is killing frosts during seedling development in the spring and seed maturation in the fall. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing spring canola lines with mutations that have altered biochemical pathways that increase cold tolerance. The approach was to generate UV point mutations in cultured microspores followed by chemical in vitro selection of individual mutant microspores or embryos resulting in measurable alterations to various biochemical pathways with elevated levels of key defense signaling molecules such as, salicylic acid (SA), p-Fluoro-d,l-Phenyl Alanine (FPA), and jasmonic acid (JA). In addition, since proline (Pro) is known to protect plant tissues in the cold-induced osmotic stress pathway, mutants that overproduce Pro were selected in vitro by using three Pro analogues: hydroxyproline (HP), azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C); and, 3,4-dehydro-d,l-proline (DP). Of the 329 in vitro selected mutant embryos produced, 74 were identified with significant cold tolerance compared to their donor parents through indoor freezer tests at −6°C, and 19 had better winter field survival than winter canola checks. All chemically selected mutant doubled haploids with increased cold tolerance compared well with parent lines for all seed quality and agronomic parameters. Development of increased frost tolerant cultivars should allow for spring canola to be produced in western Canada without compromising seed quality.     

藠头与日本肯定列表略论

通过调查分析,结合实地考查,对藠头产业应对日本"肯定列表制度"进行了系统的分析和总结,并提出了相关建议。     

海南岛油脂植物种质资源

能源危机成为当今世界重大的热点问题,能源植物是缓解能源危机的重要突破口。通过查阅相关文献,概述了海南岛主要含油部位含油量≥30％的油脂植物50科116属163种,引种栽培74种,野生资源89种,油脂植物种质资源丰富,分布集中,热带特征明显,且多为木本。全国有53种木本油料的种子油可作为发展生物柴油最适合原料,其中31种海南有分布。列举了含油量高、适合在海南气候条件下生长、具有开发潜力的油脂植物18种并对海南岛油脂植物资源的开发利用提出建议。     

猪腹泻大肠杆菌LTa(R210G)和LTb原核表达及其在小鼠的免疫反应

大肠杆菌不耐热性肠毒素(LT)具有免疫增强作用,是良好的免疫佐剂.为了更好的研究其免疫增强效果,本研究将LT的两个亚基LTa(R210G)和LTb克隆到pGST中,原核表达ETa(R210G)和LTb,经Western-blotting分析,表达蛋白具有免疫原性.对表达蛋白进行大量纯化后,以卵清蛋白为模式蛋白(OVA)为模式蛋白,免疫小鼠,ELISA结果表明,OVA+LTa(R210G)佐剂组小鼠的抗体滴度最高,OVA+LTb和OVA+LTa+LT组抗体滴度相似,高于OVA+氢氧化铝组,而OVA+氢氧化铝组高于无佐剂OVA组.因此,LTa(R210G)和LTb具有良好的免疫增强作用,是一种极有希望的免疫佐剂.     

The inheritance of chemical phenotype in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis sativa</Emphasis> L. (III): variation in cannabichromene proportion

The mechanism that controls the proportion of cannabichromene (CBC), a potential pharmaceutical, in the cannabinoid fraction of Cannabis sativa L. is explored. As with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), CBC is an enzymatic conversion product of the precursor cannabigerol (CBG). CBC is reported to dominate the cannabinoid fraction of juveniles and to decline with maturation. This ontogeny was confirmed in inbred lines with different mature chemotypes. A consistent CBC presence was found in early leaves from a diverse clone collection, suggesting that CBC synthase is encoded by a fixed locus. Morphological variants possessing a ‘prolonged juvenile chemotype’ (PJC), a substantial proportion of CBC persisting up to maturity, are presented. PJC is associated with a reduced presence of floral bracts, bracteoles, and capitate-stalked trichomes. Genetic factors causing these features were independent of the allelic chemotype locus B that was previously postulated and regulates THC and CBD synthesis and CBG accumulation. In contrast to previously described Cannabis chemotypes, the cannabinoid composition of PJCs showed plasticity in that reduced light levels increased the CBC proportion. The ability of PJC plants to enable the production of pharmaceutical raw material with high CBC purity is demonstrated.     

喷雾机喷杆有限元模态分析与结构优化

在ANSYS中建立了喷杆的参数化有限元模型,并验证了模型的准确性。根据喷杆的模态分析结果在ANSYS中对喷杆结构进行了优化,在质量增加8.4%的情况下,喷杆一阶固有频率从9.16 Hz增加到了10.41 Hz,避开了路面激励的频率区间。结合ADAMS对喷杆优化前、后作业时的弹性变形作了对比,结果表明:优化前喷杆末端在水平方向最大弹性变形Dbmax为39.6 mm,均方根为12.6 mm;优化后喷杆在水平方向最大弹性变形Damax为10.1 mm,均方根为2.9 mm,喷杆经过优化后其水平方向弹性变形明显减小。     

大流量电液控制阀设计与试验

设计了一种大流量电液控制阀,采用压差反馈取代常用的位移反馈,为二级阀闭环提供了一种新方法并降低了成本;采用椭圆油口降低了阀芯长度与质量,有利于提高系统频响。建立了电液控制阀系统的数学模型并进行了仿真分析,结果表明采用矩形窗口与三角形窗口组合的复合节流窗口的设计可同时满足大流量时的快速性与小流量时的稳定性要求,电液控制阀最大流量为417 L/min,在±50%输入信号下频响为73 Hz。研制了试验样机并成功应用于液压软管脉冲试验系统,系统在不同负载下的水锤波响应进一步验证了所设计大流量电液控制阀应用的广泛性。     

邛海盆地土壤氮素空间变异特征与影响因素研究

以西昌市邛海盆地为研究区域,随机均匀布点采集386个耕作层土壤样点,分析化验土壤理化性质,运用地统计学方法和GIS技术研究邛海盆地表层土壤氮素含量的空间变异特征,利用方差分析、缓冲区分析和回归分析定量分析区域内土壤氮素空间变异的影响因素。研究结果表明,研究区表层土壤全氮和速效氮含量分别为(1.85±0.51)g/kg和(138.5±47.7)mg/kg,属较丰富水平,变异系数分别为27.52%和32.24%,属中等差异强度;土壤全氮和速效氮具有中等程度的空间相关性,空间变异均以随机变异为主,具有各向异性特征,在西北-东南方向上空间变异相对剧烈;研究区土壤全氮和速效氮含量总体上呈条带状或斑块状分布特征,高值区主要位于西昌市的东南郊区,并以此高值中心向南、向东和向北3个方向逐步递减,低值区主要出现在邛海北面近湖岸地带。影响因素分析结果表明,土地利用方式、土壤母质、土壤质地、土壤p H值、城镇、河流、邛海湖对土壤全氮和速效氮空间变异具有显著影响,而道路对土壤氮素空间变异影响不显著。     

胡萝卜自动分级机机械装置的研制

机械装置结合计算机视觉技术可以对胡萝卜等细长型蔬果进行自动分级。为此,设计了胡萝卜自动分级机的机械装置部分,主要由双级匀果装置、链条辊轮输送装置和直线电机打果装置3部分组成。匀果装置通过带有隔板的交错格输送带和差速带对胡萝卜进行初次和二次匀果,实现精确单果输送;辊轮输送装置推动单个胡萝卜自转进入计算机视觉系统的CCD相机视场,可获得胡萝卜全面的形状特性,使其分级精确;直线电机打果装置接收到胡萝卜等级决策信号后将胡萝卜按不同等级经U型导管推入包装箱,推果平稳、快捷,伤果率低。     

耐高压双向椭圆齿轮微小流量计研究

提出了一种基于低偏心率椭圆齿轮转子适用于高压下微小流量计量的双向椭圆齿轮流量计结构,阐述了该种流量计的工作原理,给出了低偏心率椭圆齿轮转子的节曲线及齿廓方程,并设计了样机进行实验研究。实验表明,在31.5 MPa以下,0.05~3 L/min流量范围内的计量精度可达±0.5%,在0.03~3 L/min流量范围内的计量精度可达±1%,具有耐高压、结构简单、精度高、脉动小、可双向计量等优点。