物联网与作物模型在智慧棉花系统中的应用与展望

在已有科技与研究成果基础上,结合数据库技术,构建基于物联网与棉花功能结构模型Cotton XL的智慧棉花生产数字化系统平台。系统利用智能传感器等物联网设备实时采集田间气象、土壤和作物长势等数据以及现场视频图像信息,通过网络传输监测范围内棉株的信息至数据库,结合模型模拟分析,实现远程操控辅助管理、预测判别、智能处理和可视化模拟等功能,从而优化作物栽培管理措施,提升资源配置效率,提高棉花产量与品质,为棉农适应现代农业信息化、智能化、高效化提供有效途径。     

新疆奎屯棉花草甘膦化学杀雄制种实践与探讨

以抗草甘膦棉花品种进行化学杀雄制种是杂种优势利用的新途径。为验证新疆奎屯应用草甘膦进行棉花化学杀雄制种的可行性,摸索相关制种技术,2017年用抗草甘膦棉花材料“祝22”开展棉花小面积化学杀雄制种及农达41%（质量分数,下同）水剂不同剂量与不同施药间隔试验。据制种实践结果,籽棉单产达4 740 kg·hm^－2,制种纯度达到100%,但化学杀雄的棉株下部结铃率降低。农达41%水剂不同剂量与不同施药间隔试验结果表明,农达41%水剂200倍液间隔7 d、施药6次的杀雄彻底,且棉株长势的强弱可影响杀雄效果。因此,在当地科学应用草甘膦及其制剂进行棉花化学杀雄杂交制种是可行的。     

基于根际过程调控的膜下滴灌棉花磷肥施用技术规程#br#

针对膜下滴灌棉花生产中磷肥用量大、利用率低的问题,通过集成硫酸铵诱导根际酸化技术、启动磷肥技术和磷肥与土壤性质匹配技术,建立了基于根际过程调控的膜下滴灌棉花磷肥施用技术。本文对该技术的操作提出了相应的规范,包括启动磷肥的用量、施肥时间、施用深度及其配套的硫酸铵根际调控等技术要素,旨在调整优化苗期磷肥施用方法,提高磷肥利用率,实现磷肥“减施增效”。     

人参/西洋参枯叶病缓解实验

通过各供试药剂在西洋参枯叶病上的使用,验证各供试药剂对西洋参枯叶病的缓解作用。结果表明,参多乐450倍液+益微450倍液对西洋参枯叶病缓解效果突出,在一定程度上解决了枯叶病给西洋参带来的危害。且该配方在人参上同样适用。     

Artificial Diet Influences Population Growth of the Root Maggot Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae)

In order to investigate the effects of artificial diets on the population growth of root maggot Bradysia impatiens, its population growth parameters were assayed on eight artificial diets (Diet 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8). Results showed that developmental duration from egg to pupa was successfully completed on all eight artificial diets. However, the egg to pupal duration was shortest, while the survival rate of four insect stages was lowest when B. impatiens was reared on D1. When B. impatiens was reared on D7 and D8, the survival rate, female longevity, and female oviposition were higher than those reared on other diets. When B. impatiens was reared on D7, the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m = 0.19/d), net reproductive rate (R₀ = 39.88 offspring per individual), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.21/d) were higher for its population growth with shorter generation time (T = 19.49 d) and doubling time (Dt = 3.67 d). The findings indicate that the D7 artificial diet is more appropriate for the biological parameters of B. impatiens and can be used an indoor breeding food for population expansion as well as further research. We propose that vitamin C supplement added to the D7 is critical for the improvement of the B. impatiens growth.     

Experimental study on radiation utilization efficiency and soil temperature in paddy field with different irrigation methods in Northeast China

Paddy and Water Environment - In order to investigate the radiation utilization efficiency and soil temperature with different irrigation methods in cold region and black glebe, northeast, China,...