3ZT-3型中耕追肥机受力分析及运动仿真

针对3ZT-3型中耕追肥机进行受力分析,确定牵引角对整机稳定性的影响;在ADAMS/View中建立基于3ZT-3型中耕追肥机的虚拟样机仿真模型,根据各构件运动状态,添加相应的约束,并对仿真模型进行检验。在仿真分析结束后选取相关点,观察分析其运动轨迹图。仿真分析结果表明:牵引角的变化量在-100~+1 00之间,仿形效果能够满足中耕农艺要求,该研究可为中耕追肥机的优化及后续动力学仿真分析奠定理论基础。     

预切组合式香蕉茎秆粉碎还田机的设计

针对中国热带、亚热带农业区香蕉茎秆粗大、含水率高、富含植物纤维等特点,为解决香蕉茎秆粉碎过程中纤维缠绕严重、粉碎效果差的难题,设计了一种预切组合式香蕉茎秆粉碎还田机,并确定了该机的主要部件结构及总体方案。该机结构简单新颖、工作可靠、效率高,能够避免香蕉茎秆纤维对机具的缠绕,大幅降低劳动强度,适宜香蕉主产区的香蕉茎秆粉碎还田作业,有利于热区农业发展。     

辽西地区仁用杏低产林成因及关键改造技术

针对辽西地区仁用杏低产林的不同成因,采用品种更新换优、肥水平衡管理、花果管理、控形更新修剪、病虫害防治等低产林改造技术集成与应用,建立仁用杏低产低效林改造示范园,大幅度提高现有仁用杏低产林分的产量、质量和综合效益.     

控释氮肥对玉米生长发育和产量及其效益的影响

为了探讨控释氮肥施用的最佳用量,在大田条件下,试验设6个处理：T1不施氮肥、T2常规施肥（基施）、T3常规尿素（基施+追施）、T4控释尿素100%、T5控释尿素90%、T6控释尿素80%。研究控释氮肥对玉米生长发育和产量及其效益的影响。结果表明：整个生育期控释氮肥处理提高了玉米株高、地上部干物重,且从拔节到成熟期,控释尿素100%、控释尿素90%处理地上部干物重高于普通尿素处理,且控释尿素90%处理最大。控释氮肥合理用量提高了玉米的茎粗、穗粒数,减少了玉米秃尖长度。控释尿素90%处理产量最高,达到8637.6 kg/hm2,与不施氮肥相比产量提高16.7%,与常规施肥（基施）相比产量提高9.5%,差异达到显著水平。从产量和经济效益分析,控释尿素90%:处理是比较理想的肥料用量选择。     

磁场处理对紫苏种子萌发的影响

试验采用20.9mT和42.5mT两个剂量的磁场对紫苏种子进行处理,处理时间分别为0h、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h。结果表明：20.9mT磁场强度处理紫苏种子,处理3h时发芽率最高,可达89%;在42.5mT磁场强度处理下,不同处理时间内种子发芽率均达到90%以上,远远高于对照,说明42.5 mT磁场强度处理紫苏种子有利于种子萌发;在42.5mT的磁场强度下,3h的磁场处理对株高、根长和须根数的增加都有明显促进作用;POD和硝酸还原酶活性在3h时相对增幅最大,说明42.5mT的磁场强度处理紫苏种子时,3h为最佳处理时间。     

一些重要作物拟茎点霉属病原生物学及致病机制研究概况

拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)是腔孢纲球壳孢科真菌中的一个大属,含有100多个不同的种,可寄生于70多种不同科的植物。该属病原菌地域分布广泛,引起植物的叶枯、枝枯、烂茎、溃疡及果腐等严重病害,造成重大的经济损失。综述了一些主要作物的拟茎点霉属真菌病害在发生特点、致病症状及特性、生活周期循环、病害生化防控及病菌生物学特性等方面的研究进展,并展望了其今后研究热点及发展趋势,认为今后应加强从组织细胞学和分子生物学方面明确其致病机制,鉴定该属的致病特异性,并构建抗病分子育种技术体系等为病害安全、高效防控提供基因基础。     

桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白对草莓幼苗防御酶酶活性的影响

激活蛋白是从多种病原真菌中分离出的一种蛋白激发子,为了解桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白对植物防御酶的诱导作用,本实验通过沸水浴、离心等方法,从桃褐腐病菌（Monilinia fructicola）菌丝体中分离出激活蛋白的粗提物,并喷雾到草莓幼苗的叶片上,测定了部分防御酶和病程相关蛋白的活性变化。结果表明：经桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白处理后,0-18h内草莓叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈曲线增高的趋势,18h达到最高值,最高值比对照增加40.7%; 0-6h内草莓叶片过氧化物酶(POD) 和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性均呈急剧增高的趋势,6h达到最高值,其中POD活性比对照增加126.2%,PPO活性比对照增加62.9%。经激活蛋白处理后草莓叶片的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶活性也有增高的趋势。     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

农村居民点整理潜力与景观特征关系研究

为更好地研究农村居民点整理潜力与其景观特征之间的关系,以2012年临夏县土地利用数据为基础,测算南塬乡各行政村农村居民点整理的可实现潜力,并采用景观生态学方法分别计算各村居民点形状、规模和分布3个方向的景观指数,运用主成分分析各景观指数贡献率的基础上引入综合景观特征值,探讨了农村居民点类型尺度上农村居民点整理潜力与综合景观特征值之间的关系。研究表明：（1）农村居民点整理潜力受自然、社会、经济等因素影响,可实现潜力仅为理论潜力的一半;（2）受地形影响,南塬乡各村居民点斑块分布差异较大,综合景观特征值能够全面地反映出各景观指数对整体格局的影响;（3）综合景观特征值和可实现潜力有很强的相关性,综合景观特征值越高说明居民点斑块越规则,其整理潜力越小,例如江家寨村综合景观特征值最高为1.409,但其可实现潜力仅为2.23 hm²。     

覆膜条件下深翻对春玉米干物质积累和转运的影响

为探明覆膜条件下深翻对春玉米干物质积累及转运的影响,以‘伟科702’为供试材料,在覆膜条件下设深翻(FS)和旋耕(FR)2个处理,测定并计算不同处理下干物质积累及转运。结果表明：吐丝期后,FR干物质积累量显著高于FS,且随生育进程差异增大。干物质最大积累速率、持续时间均表现为FR>FS,最大速率出现时间为FS>FR。FR吐丝后的营养器官的转运量、转移效率和对子粒贡献率均显著高于FS,各器官表现为叶>茎>穗部。