我国畜牧业技术进步的定量分析研究

在文献综述的基础上,运用CD生产函数对1990年以来我国近3个五年计划期的畜牧业技术进步贡献率进行了测算,并提出了提高我国畜牧业技术进步的对策建议。     

雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类代谢物含量的测定及超标原因分析

雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类抗生素尤其是呋喃西林代谢物-氨基脲(SEM)残留超标是困扰我国雄蜂蛹出口的一个难题。本文对不同日龄雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类代谢物含量进行了测定,并对超标原因进行了分析。测定结果表明,在蜂群没有使用任何硝基呋喃类药物情况下,各日龄雄蜂蛹中的SEM含量依然严重超标,随着日龄的增长,雄蜂蛹中的SEM含量大幅增长,特别是16d以后,每过2d,含量增加2μg/kg左右。推测雄蜂蛹中SEM含量超标是非人为因素造成的,可能与雄蜂蛹生长后期体内甲壳素含量的增加相关。     

低蛋白质对猪胴体品质的影响

本文综述了补充平衡氨基酸的低蛋白质日粮时于断奶仔猪及肥育猪的生产性能、胴体品质、脏器重量影响的研究,并分析了低蛋白质日粮对其生产性能和肉质影响的可能原因.     

Comparison of computer assisted surgery with conventional technique for treatment of abaxial distal phalanx fractures in horses: an in vitro study

Objective— To (1) evaluate and compare computer-assisted surgery (CAS) with conventional screw insertion (conventional osteosynthesis [COS]) for treatment of equine abaxial distal phalanx fractures; (2) compare planned screw position with actual postoperative position; and (3) determine preferred screw insertion direction.
Study design— Experimental study.
Sample population— Cadaveric equine limbs (n=32).
Methods— In 8 specimens each, a 4.5 mm cortex bone screw was inserted in lag fashion in dorsopalmar (plantar) direction using CAS or COS. In 2 other groups of 8, the screws were inserted in opposite direction. Precision of CAS was determined by comparison of planned and actual screw position. Preferred screw direction was also assessed for CAS and COS.
Results— In 4 of 6 direct comparisons, screw positioning was significantly better with CAS. Results of precision analysis for screw position were similar to studies published in human medicine. None of evaluated criteria identified a preferred direction for screw insertion.
Conclusion— For abaxial fractures of the distal phalanx, superior precision in screw position is achieved with CAS technique compared with COS technique.
Clinical Relevance— Abaxial fractures of the distal phalanx lend themselves to computer-assisted implantation of 1 screw in a dorsopalmar (plantar) direction. Because of the complex anatomic relationships, and our results, we discourage use of COS technique for repair of this fracture type.     

雄蚕品种引进试验初报

雄蚕品种的引进与产业化推广是今后蚕业发展的方向。通过引进雄蚕品种夏华×平 8、华秋×平30在实验室对比和农村示范试验 ,试验结果表明 :雄蚕品种综合性状总体较优 ,但某些性状如产量、蚕茧解舒率等有待于进一步改良和完善     

日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒对肉牛营养物质代谢的影响

选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛(体重为420kg、年龄2.5岁),采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆作为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持需要水平下,日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg,以干物质为基础)对营养物质代谢的影响。结果表明:0.3和0.6mg/kg组日粮OM、CP、EE、NFE、NDF、ADF表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6和0.9mg/kg组DN、RN和RN/DN显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组与对照组相比Se、Ca、P、Cu、Fe、Mn的存留率显著提高,Zn、Mo和S的存留率无显著差异;0.6mg/kg组血清TG、GLU、ALB、TP、ALT、AST、SOD、GSH-px、GSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组血清Se、Cu含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

欧盟皮内变态反应比较试验法结合ELISA检测牛结核病的研究

现在应用较多的牛结核病检疫方法有变态反应、ELISA等方法。检疫牛结核病目前OIE唯一指定方法是皮内变态反应,该方法也是最古老的方法之一,经过多次改进,仍然为各国所用。该方法的不足是非特异性反应过高,且只能检测细胞免疫状态。牛结核     

昆明鼠卵母细胞的去核及其去核率的观察

本文研究昆明鼠卵母细胞的去核方法，并通过对去核卵母细胞的固定染色，显示其中期Ⅱ染色体，由此观察统计其确定的去核率。     

自动进排料密闭式固态发酵罐的设计

为解决当前固态发酵劳动强度大,生产效率低的问题,设计内置纵向排列带扇形缺口的浅盘组和升降旋转控制刮板的中心轴来实现自动进排料和翻料的固态发酵罐,可实现自动化生产,原位灭菌,提高生产效率。     

Protective effects against abortion and fetal infection following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy in beef heifers that received two doses of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding

Objective-To determine whether administration of 2 doses of a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding of heifers would provide protection against abortion and fetal infection following exposure of pregnant heifers to cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and cattle with acute bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) infection. Design-Randomized controlled clinical trial. Animals-33 crossbred beef heifers, 3 steers, 6 bulls, and 25 calves. Procedures-20 of 22 vaccinated and 10 of 11 unvaccinated heifers became pregnant and were commingled with 3 steers PI with BVDV type 1a, 1b, or 2 for 56 days beginning 102 days after the second vaccination (administered 30 days after the first vaccination). Eighty days following removal of BVDV-PI steers, heifers were commingled with 3 bulls with acute BHV1 infection for 14 days. Results-After BVDV exposure, 1 fetus (not evaluated) was aborted by a vaccinated heifer; BVDV was detected in 0 of 19 calves from vaccinated heifers and in all 4 fetuses (aborted after BHV1 exposure) and 6 calves from unvaccinated heifers. Bovine herpesvirus 1 was not detected in any fetus or calf and associated fetal membranes in either treatment group. Vaccinated heifers had longer gestation periods and calves with greater birth weights, weaning weights, average daily gains, and market value at weaning, compared with those for calves born to unvaccinated heifers. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Prebreeding administration of a modified-live virus vaccine to heifers resulted in fewer abortions and BVDV-PI offspring and improved growth and increased market value of weaned calves.