SR92鸡的OPAY02型标记初步研究

测定了SR92A系鸡初生、28、49、75日龄体重,屠体、半净膛、全净膛重等生产性能,同时用OPAY02随机引物对其DNA进行RAPD扩增,分析OPAY02型标记与鸡群早期增重及75日龄屠宰性能之间的关系。结果表明,片段长度为1 660.8bp和2 326.0bp的两条带所代表的位点,在SR92A系中出现A、B、C三种类型,其中C型母鸡75日龄体重超过A型607.4g,初步表明OPAY02C型标记在SR92A系中可作重要遗传标记。     

Effect of dietary methionine on growth performance and insulin‐like growth factor‐I mRNA expression of growing meat rabbits

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different amounts of dietary methionine on growth performance, serum protein, growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) concentrations and IGF‐I mRNA expression of growing meat rabbits. One hundred weaned growing meat rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly divided into five groups. The methionine addition concentrations of the five groups were 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg diet (as‐fed basis) and sulphur amino acids (SAA) concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 11.6 g/kg diet, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: the average daily gain of 2, 4 and 6 g/kg diet groups was higher than that of 0 g/kg diet group (p < 0.01). The feed gain ratio of the 4 g/kg diet group was lower than those of 0 and 8 g/kg diet group (p < 0.01). Methionine concentrations did not affect serum urea nitrogen, total protein, insulin and IGF‐I concentration (p > 0.05). The quadratic effects of methionine on the serum concentration of albumin (Alb) and GH were obtained (p = 0.013, p = 0.018). The quadratic effect of methionine amount on IGF‐I mRNA expression was obtained (p = 0.045). The serum concentration of Alb of the 4 g/kg diet group was higher than those of 0 and 8 g/kg diet group (p < 0.01). The serum concentration of GH of 8 g/kg diet group was higher than that of the 0 g/kg diet group (p < 0.05). The liver IGF‐I mRNA expression of 4 g/kg diet group was higher than those of the 0 and 8 g/kg diet group (p < 0.05). Providing a diet mainly consisted of corn, wheat bran and peanut vine, the optimum dietary methionine addition concentration and SAA concentration for a weaner to 2‐month‐old growing meat rabbits were shown to be 2 and 5.7 g/kg diet respectively.     

河南省动物检疫全链条信息化监管模式

为提高畜牧兽医行政监管效能和信息化监管水平,河南省建立了智慧兽医云平台,实现了动物检疫全链条信息化闭环管理和畜产品质量安全全程可追溯.该平台首先将动物检疫电子出证监管向养殖场纵向延伸,强化产地管理,实行养殖档案电子化,通过编制不同颜色的二维码,实现养殖场的动态分类监管;然后实行畜禽屠宰从养殖场到屠宰场的"点对点"调运闭...     

家蚕Ras3基因全长cDNA克隆及在感染BmNPV家蚕组织中的表达谱分析

Ras(rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)蛋白是GTPase超家族成员之一,该蛋白质可以将细胞外信号传导到不同的细胞,从而调控细胞的吞噬作用、凋亡、抗微生物侵染的酶防御系统等生理过程。运用RACE技术,从家蚕中肠中克隆出一个新的BmRas3基因,该基因cDNA全长987 bp,包含5′UTR(153 bp)、3′UTR(279 bp)和一个编码184个氨基酸残基的ORF(555 bp)。BmRas3具有小G蛋白的典型特征,其氨基酸序列中含有3个GTP/GDP结合结构域,1个效应子结合结构域以及1个烯丙基化的CAAX基序。多重比对发现BmRas3与海波斯莫科马属蛾(Hyposmocoma kahamanoa)Rap1、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)Rap-1b、烟草天蛾(Manduca sexta)Rap1的序列相似性较高,系统进化分析也显示BmRas3与这些蛋白质的亲缘关系最近。BmRas3在食桑期的表达量高于眠期;在感染BmNPV的家蚕中肠和脂肪体中,BmRas3的表达量有不同程度提高,且与正常对照相比差异显著,暗示BmRas3可能...     

A gene expression estimator of intramuscular fat percentage for use in both cattle and sheep

Background

The expression of genes encoding proteins involved in triacyglyceride and fatty acid synthesis and storage in cattle muscle are correlated with intramuscular fat (IMF)%. Are the same genes also correlated with IMF% in sheep muscle, and can the same set of genes be used to estimate IMF% in both species?

Results

The correlation between gene expression (microarray) and IMF% in the longissimus muscle (LM) of twenty sheep was calculated. An integrated analysis of this dataset with an equivalent cattle correlation dataset and a cattle differential expression dataset was undertaken. A total of 30 genes were identified to be strongly correlated with IMF% in both cattle and sheep. The overlap of genes was highly significant, 8 of the 13 genes in the TAG gene set and 8 of the 13 genes in the FA gene set were in the top 100 and 500 genes respectively most correlated with IMF% in sheep, P-value = 0. Of the 30 genes, CIDEA, THRSP, ACSM1, DGAT2 and FABP4 had the highest average rank in both species. Using the data from two small groups of Brahman cattle (control and Hormone growth promotant-treated [known to decrease IMF% in muscle]) and 22 animals in total, the utility of a direct measure and different estimators of IMF% (ultrasound and gene expression) to differentiate between the two groups were examined. Directly measured IMF% and IMF% estimated from ultrasound scanning could not discriminate between the two groups. However, using gene expression to estimate IMF% discriminated between the two groups. Increasing the number of genes used to estimate IMF% from one to five significantly increased the discrimination power; but increasing the number of genes to 15 resulted in little further improvement.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated the utility of a comparative approach to identify robust estimators of IMF% in the LM in cattle and sheep. We have also demonstrated a number of approaches (potentially applicable to much smaller groups of animals than conventional methods) to using gene expression to rank animals for IMF% within a single farm/treatment, or to estimate differences in IMF% between two farms/treatments.     

Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in calves

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary probiotics on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in dairy calves. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly allocated to three treatments: a basal diet, the basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 (LB) or basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 and Bacillus subtilis B27 (LBS). A milk replacer was fed to calves from 8 days of age. A starter and alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum from 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and the orts were weighted daily. The ruminal fluid was sampled at 56 and 83 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation characteristics. The bacterial community was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the number of certain bacteria was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The ratio of total dry matter intake to average body wieght was higher in the control (P < 0.05). The DGGE fingerprint of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was affected by the blended probiotics at 83 days of age. The number of Ruminococcus albus was lower in the LB and LBS treatment (P < 0.05). Oral administration of the probiotics affected the rumen bacterial community and the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria decreased.     

干旱和遮阴对荩草构件形态及生物量分配的影响

以具边坡草坪开发潜力的野生荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)为材料,设干旱[饱和持水量的81.75%(水分充足,W_0)、65.18%(轻度干旱,W_1)、43.64%(中度干旱,W_2)和27.88%(重度干旱,W_3)]和遮阴(0,10%,30%,50%,70%)及交互组合分析干旱和遮阴对荩草构件形态、生物量积累和分配的影响。结果表明,干旱、遮阴、干旱和遮阴协同处理对荩草构件形态有显著影响(P0.05),干旱对根的影响大于茎叶,遮阴对茎和叶影响大于根,协同处理对叶影响大于根和茎;W_2或W_3处理下单株叶数、叶长、叶宽、节间长和分枝数显著降低(P0.05),根长显著增加而单株气生根数显著减少;≥10%遮阴降低单株叶数、单株总节数、根长和单株气生根数,但株高显著增加,W_1×70%遮阴交互处理时单株叶数下降了66.94%,株高和节间长增加了86.11%和46.17%,W_3×70%遮阴交互处理时单株总节数和一级分枝数下降了62.43%和76.47%,根数下降了54.55%,且无气生根。干旱、遮阴、干旱和遮阴互作对生物量积累和分配有显著影响(P0.05),W_2和W_3干旱胁迫显著降低了单株和茎叶生物量及分配比,增加根生物量及根冠比应对中轻度干旱,W_3下单株及构件生物量下降约50%,而增加茎分配比以逃离重度干旱生境。≥30%遮阴显著增加叶生物量及分配比而降低根生物量及分配比,50%遮阴时根分配比及根冠比降低了81.48%和86.79%。干旱和遮阴协同处理可抵消或延缓干旱或遮阴造成的生长失衡,W_2×50%遮阴下荩草的生物量累积和分配与W_0×0遮阴相近。荩草可通过改变构件数量和质量性状及生物量分配,调整生长策略以应对干旱和遮阴胁迫,干旱和遮阴的协同影响,提高了荩草的抗逆性和生境适应能力。     

黄芪多糖对鸡抗病能力的影响

黄芪多糖是一种从豆科类植物黄芪或膜荚黄芪的根茎中提取而来的水溶性多糖成分,具有祛湿、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗辐射、增强免疫力等多种生物学作用,也可以作为免疫增强剂和免疫佐剂,在增强鸡的免疫力方面发挥了重要作用。本文综述了黄芪多糖对鸡抗病能力的影响及其作用效果的影响因素和今后的发展方向,为黄芪多糖在鸡生产中的应用研究提供参考。     

利用优势资源积极发展我国奶山羊产业

奶山羊产业是我国奶业的重要补充,目前已经成为部分地区的支柱产业。笔者首先介绍了发展奶山羊产业的重要意义,接着在总结我国奶山羊产业发展现状的基础上,分析了奶山羊产业发展在过程中存在的问题,并对我国奶山羊产业的发展提出了建议和对策。     

添加酒糟和玉米粉对花生壳微贮效果的影响

通过测定单独的花生壳原样及花生壳中添加10%的酒糟或玉米粉经过微贮后其有机物(粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物)及营养价值的变化情况,研究花生壳的微贮效果。试验结果表明:花生壳经过微贮后营养价值有所提高,原料花生壳中CP含量为9.85%,而微贮后纯花生壳中CP含量为10.99%,添加酒糟和玉米粉微贮后的花生壳中CP含量分别为12.13%、13.25%,微贮后单独的花生壳、添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CP含量和原料花生壳相比分别上升了11.57%、23.15%、34.52%,添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CP与原样CP含量相比差异显著;原料花生壳中CF含量为70.82%,而微贮后纯花生壳中CF含量为69.44%,添加酒糟和玉米粉微贮后的花生壳中CF含量分别为68.56%、67.41%,微贮后纯花生壳、添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CF含量和原料花生壳相比分别下降了1.95%、3.19%、4.82%,添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳CF与原样CF含量相比差异显著;在花生壳中添加玉米粉效果比添加酒糟效果好。