Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Grain Fat Content in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Fat content (FC) partially determines rice grain quality. The objective of this study was to identify stably expressed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FC. A total of 85 inbred lines derived from the backcross between Sasanishiki (japonica, as the recurrent parent) and Habataki (indica) were used to detect QTLs for rice fat content. Seven QTLs (denoted as qFC‐1, qFC‐2, qFC‐3, qFC‐6, qFC‐10, qFC‐11, and qFC‐12) were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6 10, 11, and 12, respectively, using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method. Among them, three major QTLs (qFC‐3, qFC‐6, and qFC‐11) with large effect were further confirmed across two different environments using some chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), where Habataki was used as the donor parent and Sasanishiki as the recurrent parent. Further experiments showed that one of the major QTLs (qFC‐11) could increase fat content, fat index, and grain yield together. To our knowledge, qFC‐11 is a newly detected stable QTL that will provide new opportunities for improving rice fat content through marker‐assisted selection.     

Identification of quantitative trait loci across interspecific F2, F2:3 and testcross populations for agronomic and fiber traits in tetraploid cotton

The most widely grown tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense differ greatly in yield potential and fiber quality and numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported. However, correspondence of QTLs between experiments and populations is poor due to limited number of markers, small population size and inaccurate phenotyping. The purpose of the present study was to map QTLs for yield, yield components and fiber quality traits using testcross progenies between a large interspecific F₂ population and a commercial cotton cultivar as the tester. The results were compared to these from its F₂ and F_2:3 progenies. Of the 177 QTLs identified from the three populations, 65 fiber QTLs and 51 yield QTLs were unique with an average of 8–12 QTLs per traits. All the 26 chromosomes carried QTLs, but differed in the number of QTLs and the number of QTLs between fiber and yield QTLs. The congruence of QTLs identified across populations was higher (20–60 %) for traits with higher heritabilities including fiber quality, seed index and lint percentage, but lower (10–25 %) for lower heritability traits-seedcotton and lint yields. Major QTLs, QTL clusters for the same traits and QTL ‘hotspots’ for different traits were also identified. This research represents the first report using a testcross population in QTL mapping in interspecific cotton crosses and provides useful information for further comparative analysis and marker-assisted selection.     

欧洲花楸新品种选育研究

运用实生选种方法从欧洲花楸（Sorbus aucuparia）天然杂交播种苗中选育出晚花、黄皮、大果、小果等6个新品种,分别是红宝石欧洲花楸（Sorbus aucuparia ‘HongBaoShi’）、黄宝石欧洲花楸（S ． aucuparia‘Huang-BaoShi’）、红玛瑙欧洲花楸（S ．aucuparia‘HongMaNao’）、黄玛瑙欧洲花楸（S ．aucuparia‘HuangMaNao’）、晚花欧洲花楸（S ．aucuparia‘WanHua’）和黄皮欧洲花楸（S ．aucuparia‘HuangPi’）。通过嫁接方法保持了新品种的特异性、稳定性和一致性,并建立了繁育体系。     

乳尿素氮估测奶牛氮排泄研究进展

在奶牛体内尿素代谢基础上,综述了利用乳尿素氮估测泌乳奶牛尿氮排泄量、总氮排泄量以及氨气排放方面 的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

塔河下游典型绿洲灌区不同土地利用类型土壤的盐渍化特征

[目的]探明干旱区绿洲不同土地利用方式下土壤的盐渍化特征,为区域土地资源可持续有效利用提供支撑。[方法]运用GPS定位技术对塔河下游灌溉用水、地下水以及4种典型土地利用方式下的土壤分不同季节进行调查与采样,并结合室内测定结果,对灌区内的盐分、盐分离子变化特征及其成因进行分析。[结果]研究区土壤呈碱性,盐分类型主要为硫酸盐—氯化物型,盐分含量在2.44～118.05g/kg之间,pH值范围在8.05～8.34之间,不同土地利用类型下土壤盐分含量和pH值在各季节的整体变化均表现为：盐荒地>盐碱草地>耕地和林地。从不同土层深度来看,耕地的盐分在6月和10月呈表聚型,在3月和12月无明显规律,盐荒地和盐碱草地在不同季节下不同土层深度的盐分变化均呈明显的表聚型,林地在各季节下无明显规律。研究区受水库地理位置影响地下水水位较浅(1.4～3.51 m),地下水矿化度较高(1.56～21.30 g/L),灌溉用水、地下水中的盐分离子均以Na⁺和Cl^-为主。[结论]研究区不同土地利用类型下的土壤盐渍化特征主要是受地表覆盖度、作物种植类型、灌溉事件等...     

吉林省省生猪生产波动及发展趋势分析

本文利用1996-2008年吉林省生猪年底存栏头数、出栏头数及猪肉产量的年度数据,对吉林省生猪生产发展变化进行分析,并找出吉林省生猪生产发展的主要影响因素。同时通过对吉林省生猪生产的资源禀赋系数测算,分析吉林省生猪生产发展趋势。     

世界主要农产品贸易状况分析

根据世界粮农组织的有关数据,对上世纪80年代以来,世界主要农产品的贸易状况进行分析,在此基础上对我国的主要农产品的贸易状况也进行了分析,为我国农产品贸易的发展提供基本的分析和判断.     

制备米糠蛋白降血压肽最佳用酶的筛选

试验以筛选制备米糠蛋白降压肽最佳用酶为目的。选用碱性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4 L、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和双酶复合水解米糠蛋白,以血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制率为主要指标,筛选出制备米糠蛋白降压肽的最佳用酶。结果表明,米糠降压肽ACE抑制率的大小与酶的种类及配比有关,筛选出碱性蛋白酶Alcalase为试验用酶,在酶解温度45℃,加酶量3 000 U.g-1,酶解pH8.5,米糠蛋白底物浓度3%酶解2 h时达到最大抑制率为71.1%。     

塔里木盆地裸地潜水蒸发计算模型

为了研究潜水蒸发规律,提高对极限蒸发强度和极限埋深等关键问题的认识,本研究根据中国科学院阿克苏水平衡试验站1990年至1996年裸地潜水蒸发及水面蒸发资料,通过分析潜水蒸发计算模型的控制条件,建立了新的潜水蒸发计算模型。研究结果表明：所建立的模型符合控制条件,对于给定的潜水埋深,潜水蒸发强度随水面蒸发强度的增大而非线性增加,当水面蒸发强度趋于无穷大时,潜水蒸发强度应趋近于潜水极限蒸发强度;潜水蒸发极限埋深在理论上不存在。本文建立的裸地潜水蒸发计算模型结构合理,克服了当大气蒸发力较大时过高估计潜水蒸发量、潜水蒸发随水面蒸发的增大而线性增加的缺点。模型计算精度较高,可供相似地区参考使用。     

不同种类杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治及安全性

为探讨不同杀螨剂对壁蜂Osmia cornifrons蜂螨的防控作用,筛选了适合壁蜂定巢繁殖的巢管管口内径范围,并采用药液浸渍法比较了螺螨酯、炔螨特、联苯肼酯、四螨嗪、三唑锡5种杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治效果及安全性。结果表明,壁蜂芦苇巢管管口内径在8.00~8.49 mm范围时最适合壁蜂定巢繁殖,巢室数量最多,为8.5个,显著高于其它管口内径范围下的巢室数。与空白对照相比,5种杀螨剂各剂量处理对芦苇巢管中壁蜂的巢室数均无显著影响,不同剂量的三唑锡和四螨嗪浸渍芦苇巢管均可有效控制芦苇巢管内蜂螨的为害,2种药剂各剂量处理对巢管中蜂螨的防治效果为97.22%~100.00%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为98.75%~100.00%,防治效果显著;而不同剂量的螺螨酯、炔螨特和联苯肼酯对芦苇巢管中蜂螨的防治效果较低,各剂量处理对巢管蜂螨的防治效果为39.81%~80.56%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为46.01%~83.82%。表明四螨嗪和三唑锡浸渍处理芦苇巢管可作为有效防治壁蜂蜂螨为害的安全施药手段。