Zirconium-Modified Activated Sludge as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Phosphate Removal in Aqueous Solution

A highly effective zirconium-modified activated sludge (Zr(IV)-AS) adsorbent was prepared from activated sludge and applied to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions by batch and column experiments. Characterized results revealed that zirconium was successfully loaded onto the activated sludge (AS), and the specific surface area and pore volume were substantially improved after zirconium loading on the AS. Zr(IV)-AS exhibited a high adsorption affinity for phosphate and the maximum adsorption amount was 27.55 mg P·g^?1 at 25 °C. Adsorption isotherms of phosphate could be described by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Phosphate adsorption on Zr(IV)-AS increased monotonically with decreasing solution pH. The presence of SO₄^2? in water resulted in slightly decreased phosphate adsorption on the adsorbent even at a high concentration (25 mmol/L), and a greater influence of HCO₃^? on adsorption could be ascribed to the increased solution pH with the addition of the HCO₃^?. Column adsorption experimental results showed that the adsorbent has excellent phosphate adsorption properties and that the effluent can meet the requirement of phosphorus in the national wastewater discharge standard of China. Phosphate-saturated Zr(IV)-AS can be effectively desorbed in 0.1 mol L^?1 NaOH solution, and the regenerated adsorbent still possessed the high capacity. The adsorption between the adsorbent and the phosphate is due to the electrostatic interaction and anionic exchange at the surface of the Zr(IV)-AS. Furthermore, this approach provides a possibility of treating wastewater with waste and has the potential for industrial applications for the removal of phosphate from wastewater.     

Ri质粒T-DNA对6年生转基因三倍体毛白杨生长和生理性状的影响

为探索外源基因在成年树木中的表达及稳定性,以转Ri质粒6年生三倍体毛白杨成年树木为材料,以同时种植的未转基因三倍体毛白杨为对照植株,对21个转基因株系和对照植株进行外源基因检测和生长、生理特性测定。PCR检测结果证明,Ri质粒T-DNA上的tms、rolC基因在各转基因株系基因组中稳定存在。转基因株系生长受到不同程度影响,各转基因株系的叶柄长、叶片长、叶片宽度和叶面积均小于对照植株,叶片长宽比大于对照植株;71%的转基因株系树高低于对照植株;81%的转基因株系胸径低于对照植株。转基因株系叶绿素a和叶绿素a+b含量、Fv/Fm值、PI值均低于对照植株。81%的转基因株系叶片内源GA3含量及所有株系叶片的内源IAA含量和IAA/ABA比值均高于对照植株,而86%转基因株系叶片的内源ABA含量低于对照植株。T-DNA能够在三倍体毛白杨成年树木中稳定表达,使植物体内内源IAA和GA3含量提高,生长受到抑制,但不同株系存在较大差异。本研究结果为进一步研究外源基因在植物体内的表达调控机制提供了参考依据。     

响应面法优化碱性蛋白酶制备酪蛋白抗菌肽的研究

酪蛋白抗菌肽作为一种新型抗菌剂,分子量较小、热稳定性强、水溶性好、无免疫原性、对人无毒副作用等特点,可广泛应用于食品、药品、化妆品、饲料行业中。因此本研究利用碱性蛋白酶水解酪蛋白,以碱性蛋白酶浓度、酶解时间、酶解温度为影响因子,在单因素试验结果的基础上,应用Centure-Composite Design中心组合方法进行三因素三水平的实验设计,以酪蛋白水解液抑菌圈直径为响应值,运用响应面法对水解条件进行进一步的优化。结果表明：酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间对酪蛋白水解液抑菌圈直径影响显著;酪蛋白抗菌肽制备的最佳工艺为：水解温度为55.73℃,酶添加量为0.67%,酶解时间为66.07 min。回归方程预测酪蛋白水解液抑菌圈直径理论值可达到21.66 mm,3次验证实验的平均抑菌圈直径为21.67 mm,与理论最大值接近,可见该模型能较好地预测酪蛋白抗菌肽制备的最佳条件。     

吉林省梅花鹿副结核病血清流行病学调查

摘 要：调查2012年吉林省梅花鹿副结核病感染现状,为吉林省今后制订梅花鹿副结核病预防控制规划提供科学依据。采集吉林省富有代表性的4个梅花鹿养殖地区的630份血清样本,用ELISA方法进行副结核病血清流行病学调查。吉林省梅花鹿血清中副结核分枝杆菌抗体检测阳性率为18.73%,其中,辽源的梅花鹿副结核病阳性率为25.00 %,为吉林省副结核病之首,而四平的梅花鹿副结核病的阳性率为11.86%,明显低于其他3个地区。通过对梅花鹿在年龄与性别方面进行统计学两两比较分析发现,仔鹿与育成鹿及成年鹿之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),育成鹿与成年鹿二者之间没有统计学意义(P>0.05),而不同性别鹿群的副结核病阳性率差异性不显著(P>0.05)。吉林省梅花鹿副结核病流行不容乐观,提示广大饲养者及相关部门应该高度重视梅花鹿副结核病的防治工作。     

不同炭基肥料对小白菜硝酸盐含量、产量及品质的影响

利用生物质炭与化肥混合制成的生物质炭基肥料进行田间试验,比较炭基肥料对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响以及不同原料生物质炭基的肥效差异。选择小麦秸秆炭、花生壳炭、棉花秸秆炭3种炭基肥料,炭基肥养分含量为37%,N:P2O5:K2O=18:9:10。以普通复合肥为对照,总养分为45%,N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15。结果表明,与普通复合肥相比,麦秸秸秆炭基肥处理使小白菜硝酸盐含量显著降低了35.38%,可溶性糖含量提高31.12%,维生素C含量提高31.55%。同时施用的小麦秸秆炭基肥在总养分含量比普通复合肥减少18%的条件下,小白菜的产量显著提高了45.03%。而花生壳炭基肥和棉花秸秆炭基肥处理效果不明显。因此,小麦秸秆炭基肥有望成为有效的降低小白菜的硝酸盐含量、提高品质和产量的新型环保肥料。     

The Effect of Spraying Concentrated Biogas on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Seedling

[Objective] The effect of concentrated biogas slurry on growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings was studied in this experiment, and theoretical basis for the rational application of concentrated biogas slurry was provided. [Method] Potted cotton seedlings was sprayed by five different dosages of concentrated biogas slurry, the impact of different spraying quantity (163 mL·hm^－2, 326 mL·hm^－2, 489 mL·hm^－2, 668 mL·hm^－2, 815 mL·hm^－2) after spraying time (after spraying 2nd day, 4th day, 6th day) on cotton seedlings growth and physiological indexes were studied. [Results] The results showed that the suitable quantity of spraying of concentrated biogas slurry had promoting effect to the cotton growth and development, the excess concentrated biogas slurry could inhibit the growth of cotton seedlings. The plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area of spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing are the highest, the average of two batches on the 6th day after spraying are 21.15%, 35.95%, 18.84% higher than CK, respectively. Spraying concentrated biogas slurry can improve cotton seedlings chlorophyll content, soluble sugar contents, soluble protein content. Spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing is the highest in both batches, the average of two batches is 18.84%, 24.03%, 3.16% higher than CK, respectively. The result of concentrated biogas slurry onseedlings leaves took effect quickly, especially in 0～4th days. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the suitable amount of concentrated biogas slurry has a positive effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings, which is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings of cotton and provides the basis for the later growth of cotton.     

花生AhPEPC1基因抑制表达的转基因后代转录组分析

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase,PEPC)是控制油料作物种子中蛋白质/油脂含量比率的一个关键酶。本研究检测了花生AhPEPC1基因抑制表达的转基因株系种子含油量,与非转基因花生相比,转基因花生种子含油量提高了5.7%～10.3%。利用转录组测序(RNA-Seq)技术分析花生中AhPEPC1基因的抑制表达是否影响其他基因的功能。结果表明,转录组分析筛选到110个基因差异表达,其中25个基因上调表达,85个基因表达下调。对110个差异表达基因进行了KEGG富集分析,其中有34个基因成功获得了KEGG注释,发现氨基酸的生物合成途径中有2个基因(Aradu.M0JX8,Aradu.FE0Z7)下调表达。利用荧光定量PCR分析了15个DEG(differential expressed gene)在非转基因对照和转基因花生种子中的表达情况,发现其趋势与转录组测序结果基本一致。研究结果可在一定程度上解析AhPEPC1基因调控花生种子含油量的分子机制。     

水稻ARF基因家族新成员ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Like Protein 5(OsARFL5)的克隆及表达分析

小G蛋白家族中的亚家族ADP-核糖基化因子(ADP-ribosylation factor, ARF),在生物体内起众多的生理作用,参与基因表达、细胞骨架重组装、微管的形成以及囊泡和核孔运输等。本研究已成功克隆得到ARF基因家族中的一个新基因OsARFL5,系统进化分析表明该基因与SiARFC1亲缘关系较近;以该基因和其启动子序列构建了两种遗传转化表达载体(pOsARFL5::GUS, pCaMV35S::OsARFL5:EGFP),并获得了相应遗传载体的转基因植株;GUS染色结果表明,该基因在不同时期、不同组织部位表达;洋葱表皮亚细胞定位结果显示,Os ARFL5基因编码的蛋白定位在细胞核。RT-PCR结果显示,OsARFL5在水稻不同生育期的根、茎、叶、叶鞘和穗子中均有不同程度的表达。本研究初步探明了ARF基因家族新成员OsARFL5在水稻生长发育过程中的表达模式。     

单萜酚类化合物与苯醚甲环唑和噻呋酰胺混配对立枯丝核菌的抑菌活性研究

为探究单萜酚类化合物与杀菌剂混配对立枯丝核菌的抑制效果,筛选能够防治水稻、玉米纹枯病的药剂,本研究分别将百里香酚、香芹酚与苯醚甲环唑、噻呋酰胺混配,通过菌丝生长速率法测定了其对R. solani的抑菌活性,并以孙云沛法评价了单萜酚与杀菌剂混配的增效作用。试验结果表明：香芹酚、百里香酚与噻呋酰胺以1:5、1:4、2:3、3:2、4:1和5:1比例混配均表现出协同增效作用,其中香芹酚和噻呋酰胺4:1混配的抑菌效果最好,EC₅₀值为0.928 mg/L,共毒系数(CTC)为1397.39;香芹酚与苯醚甲环唑以3:2、4:1和5:1比例混配以及百里香酚与苯醚甲环唑以2:3、4:1和5:1比例混配也表现出协同增效作用。百里香酚和香芹酚对苯醚甲环唑和噻呋酰胺增效作用明显,香芹酚与噻呋酰胺的4:1混剂对R. solani抑菌活性高,具备应用于水稻、玉米纹枯病的防治的潜力。天然单萜酚类化合物与杀菌剂以一定比例混配能够显著提高其抑菌活性,在杀菌剂研发、筛选中具备很高的研究价值。     

缸套变形对柴油机颗粒物排放影响的试验与模拟

柴油机缸套的不均匀变形引起机油窜入燃烧室参与燃烧是造成颗粒物排放恶化的重要因素之一.以493型柴油机为研究对象,利用模拟与试验相结合的方法,通过优化冷却水腔结构,均匀冷却介质流场及温度场分布.达到减小缸套变形、降低颗粒物排放的目的,并通过排放试验验证了减小缸套变形对降低颗粒物排放的有效性.试验结果证明,该方法能够在采用其他方法机内降低颗粒物排放出现瓶颈时进一步降低颗粒物.