Performance of four Chinese Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, under various temperature and humidity regimes

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important rice pests worldwide. However, biological control of this pest using natural enemies has rarely been documented. Indigenous natural populations of four Trichogramma species (i.e., T. japonicum, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi, and T. ostriniae) were collected from the eggs of C. suppressalis in paddy fields. With the objective of screening suitable candidate species for controlling the striped stem borer, parasitism by these four Trichogramma species of the eggs of their native host, C. suppressalis, was evaluated at five temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34?°C) and four relative humidity (RH) regimes (30, 50, 70, and 90?%). The temperature and the humidity significantly affected the ability of all of the Trichogramma species to parasitize the eggs of their host. T. chilonis parasitized more eggs at 26?°C than at the other temperatures. By contrast, T. dendrolimi, T. ostriniae, and T. japonicum performed best within a wider temperature range. The host number parasitized was highest at 70?% RH and differed significantly among the Trichogramma species at all of the temperatures and humidities tested, except at 30?°C and 50?% RH. Generally, T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum performed better than the other species at 18–26 and 30–34?°C, respectively, whereas T. ostriniae parasitized the fewest host eggs at 30–70?% RH. Both T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum appear to be promising candidates for augmentative release against C. suppressalis in northeastern China.     

小麦秆锈菌鉴别寄主品种Orofen对小种21C3和34C2抗病基因的单体分析

 用中国春单体系列和二体中国春作为母本与Orofen杂交。选择出所有类型的单体杂种F1植株,令其自交结实。在温室内(10-25℃)用秆锈菌小种21C3和34C2的单孢菌系分别接种鉴定各杂交组合的F₂代苗期的抗性分离表现。对小种21C3,除2D和6D之外,其它单体类型和二体对照的F₂代都符合抗病15:1感病的分离比例;对小种34C2,除2D之外,其它单体类型和二体对照的F₂代都符合抗病3:1感病的分离比例。用Orofen与含有国际上已定位于2D和6D染色体上的已知Sr基因的品系(或品种)杂交。对小种21C3,Orofen与含有Sr5和Sr6的单基因系的杂交F₂未分离出感病的植株;对小种34C2,只有与含有Sr6的单基因系的杂交F₂代未分离出感病的植株。这表明,Orofen在2D染色体上含有Sr6,它兼抗小种21C3和34C2,分别提供0-1;1⁺⁺x^-和;1-;1⁺⁺x^-的抗性效应;而在6D染色体上携带抗病基因Sr5,它只抗小种21C3.控制0-;1^-的侵染型。对无毒性的小种,Sr5对Sr6的抗病效应是上位的。     

单纯形—正反步长优化方法（SSPSS）及其在农业上的应用

本文提出了一种新的多变量有约束非线性函数的寻优方法——单纯形一正反步长法(SSPSS)。文中详细阐述了该方法的搜索策略和具体步骤。同时,通过实例比较了相对步长模拟法的优点。     

The influence of level of feeding on growth and serum insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in growing beef cattle supplemented with somatotropin

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of level of feeding on growth, feed efficiency (gain:feed; G:F), body composition (BC), and serum concentrations of somatotropin (ST), IGF-I, and IGF-binding proteins (BP) in growing beef cattle supplemented with bovine (b) ST. In each of two consecutive years, 40 growing beef cattle were blocked by weight (average BW: yr 1 = 316 kg, yr 2 = 305 kg) and used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of bST (0 or 33 microg x kg BW(-1) x d(-1)) and level of feed intake (ad libitum [AL] or 0.75 AL). Relative to uninjected cattle, treatment with bST increased ADG 9.6% (1.14 vs 1.25 kg/d; P < 0.05) and increased G:F 8.1% (12.3 vs 13.3 gain [g]:feed [kg]; P < 0.05), whereas ADG in AL animals was 39% greater than that in 0.75 AL animals (1.39 vs 1.00 kg/d; P < 0.05). There was a tendency (P = 0.10) for a bST x level of feeding interaction, such that the increase in ADG with bST was greater in AL cattle than in 0.75 AL cattle (10.6 vs 7.8%; P = 0.10). Serum concentrations of ST were greater in 0.75 AL cattle than in AL cattle (13.0 vs 8.6 ng/mL; P < 0.05) and in bST-treated cattle than in uninjected cattle (16.3 vs 5.2 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Due to a bST x level of feeding interaction (P < 0.01), the magnitude of the increase in serum ST to exogenous bST was greater (P < 0.01) in 0.75 AL cattle than in AL cattle. Relative to uninjected cattle, treatment with bST increased (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of IGFBP-2. Similarly, AL cattle had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and reduced (P < 0.05) IGFBP-2 compared with 0.75 AL cattle. In summary, treatment with bST increased growth rate and G:F and stimulated serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 while reducing IGFBP-2. Feeding at 0.75 ad libitum intake reduced the magnitude of response for each of these variables. Thus, limit-feeding may reduce the effect of exogenous bST on growth rate by blunting bST-induced increases in IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and bST-induced decreases in IGFBP-2.     

维生素C对快大型黄羽肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的影响

采取分组对比的方法(对照组,肺动脉高压综合征(PHS)发病组,维生素C治疗组)分别检测试验鸡只肝组织、肠黏膜、心肌线粒体中的NO含量和NOS的活性。结果显示,对于发生PHS的快大型黄羽肉鸡,其肝脏、心肌和肠黏膜线粒体NO含量呈现先显著上升后显著下降的变化趋势(P<0.05)。线粒体NOS活力的变化趋势则与NO一致。与对照组相比,维生素C治疗组各指标则呈现相反的变化,说明其能有效地阻止快大型黄羽肉鸡发生PHS这一过程。     

日本对虾的实验室养殖研究

我们曾将发病残存的日本对虾继续养殖作为亲虾，进行夏季高温育苗，所得到的虾苗在实验室里桶养，证明在人工饲养条件下它们是可成活和生长的，本实验还提示，若能解决水质净化问题，日本对虾甚至有可能移至内陆养殖。     

龙牙楤木、长白楤木种子繁育技术

楤木有较好的经济价值,可供食用、药用、园林绿化、工业原料等。野生资源在人们长期的过度超采下已濒临枯竭,因此,探索人工繁育方式以保证资源的可持续利用势在必行。经过几年的试验总结,采用种子繁育楤木较比其它繁殖方式,具有繁殖倍数高,操作简便易行,农民便于掌握,成本低、投资少,便于产业化生产。人工栽培楤木,特别对于黑龙江省东部及东南部山区、半山区,是一项很有发展前景的新兴产业。     

北京市永定河沙地不同土地利用类型风蚀规律研究

选取北京市永定河沙地4种不同土地利用类型(耕地、林地、荒草地、河滩地)作为试验地,对不同下垫面的起沙风速、下垫粗糙度、输沙量、风沙流结构、土壤机械组成、土壤风蚀量进行研究。结果表明:1)不同利用类型起沙风速及粗糙度大小顺序为:林地>荒草地>耕地>稀疏荒草地>河滩地;2)不同下垫面在相同风速时的输沙量明显不同,近地面0～20cm随高度增加输沙率逐渐减少,不同下垫面的风沙流结构垂直分布明显不同;3)河滩地和稀疏荒草地的机械组成主要以细沙为主;耕地、林地、荒草地主要由细沙、极细沙以及粉沙组成。4)不同利用类型在相同时间内风蚀量与风积量不同;5)建议对区域风沙治理主要从两个方面进行:提高未利用地的植被覆盖度;改变农业耕作技术措施。