发酵菜籽粕对番鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响

本研究旨在分析日粮添加不同比例的发酵菜籽粕对白羽公番鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响。将480只同批次、体重相近的28日龄健康白羽公番鸭随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每重复20只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组分别用12%、16%和20%的发酵菜籽粕等氮代替基础日粮中的豆粕,试验期为期21 d。结果表明:1)对照组和16%组番鸭的末体重和平均日增重显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组番鸭的平均日采食量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。2)16%组番鸭血清总蛋白、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于12%组(P<0.05);16%组番鸭血清的谷丙转氨酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于12%组(P<0.05),而血清甲状腺激素含量则相反。3)16%组番鸭血清的超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而其他指标无显著性差异。以上结果显示,日粮中适当添加发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕不会影响番鸭的生长性能,其中添加16%的效果较好。     

青贮甘蔗尾、青贮玉米秸秆对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究青贮甘蔗尾(sugarcane tops silage,SS)和青贮玉米秸秆(corn straw silage,CS)对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响。试验1:选择21头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛,随机分为3个组,分别饲喂SS+精料、CS+精料、SS+CS+精料,进行为期30 d饲养试验。试验2:另选6头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂SS和CS,不喂精料,利用全收粪法进行为期4 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明:①SS和CS单独饲喂对生长水牛平均干物质采食量(ADMI)影响不显著(P>0.05),饲喂CS组生长水牛平均日增重(ADG)较SS组高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。二者组合饲喂时生长水牛ADMI、ADG比其单独饲喂时高。②CS的养分消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢率均高于SS,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),二者中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。③SS和CS对生长水牛血液生化指标影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对动物机体无不良影响。由此可见,单独饲喂时CS养分消化率较SS高,CS及SS对生长水牛血液生化指标均无不良影响,且二者组合饲喂能提高生长水牛生长性能。     

Isolation and Identification of Cellulase-producing Bacillus in Yak Rumen

To investigate the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen,10 samples of rumen content were aseptically collected from 10 adult Maiwa yaks to isolate the heat-resistant Bacillus by water bath at 80 ℃ for 20 min.The cellulase-producing strains were screened using the CMC-Na medium and Congo red staining.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of those cellulose-producing strains were amplified and sequenced.The results showed that 64 strains were isolated from the 10 samples.Total 23 strains were identified as cellulase-producing bacillus,including 16 strains of Bacillus cereus,7 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16 Bacillus cereus strains were clustered into two branches:One isolate was clustered into a branch alone,the other 15 isolates were clustered into a branch which clustered into 5 small branches,showing that there was certain genetic diversity in the isolates of Bacillus cereus.And all 7 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were clustered into a branch.Hence,the results layed the foundation of investigating the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen and developing probiotics special for yak.     

Residue Analysis of Five Kinds of Penicillins in Eggs by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection

This study was aimed to develop a method for simultaneous determination of five kinds of penicillins in eggs by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UVD). The eggs samples were extracted by acetonitrile,degreased by n-hexane,concentrated by rotary evaporation,derivatization,and then was separated by HPLC. The results showed that the calibration curves of five kinds of penicillins were linear correlated in the concentration ranges of 10 to 1 000 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients >0.999,which the limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 μg/kg (S/N=3) and 5.0 μg/kg (S/N=10),respectively. The average recoveries were 62.04% to 93.13%,the relative standard deviations were 3.91% to 13.69%.And the intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 3.98% to 14.71% and 4.26% to 12.71%,respectively. The developed method was suitable for detecting five kinds of penicillins residues in eggs with high repeatability and sensitivity.     

东北马鹿茸重性状遗传力和重复力的估测

采用同父异母半同胞组内相关法,对乌兰坝林场７只东北马鹿种公鹿７１只后裔,１９９２～１９９７年９锯时四杈茸鲜重遗传力估测结果为０４０,属高遗传力;采用组内相关系数法,对该场７～１１锯１３只东北马鹿种公鹿锯四杈茸鲜重的重复力估测结果为０６９（Ｐ＜００１）,属高重复力,为东北马鹿的纯种选育提供了主要性状的遗传参数。     

基于16S rRNA基因克隆文库技术分析广西富钟水牛瘤胃产甲烷菌组成及多样性

本研究旨在利用16S rRNA基因克隆库技术分析广西富钟水牛瘤胃产甲烷菌组成及多样性。选取3头体况基本一致的健康雌性富钟水牛作为试验动物,采用机械破壁法提取瘤胃内容物总DNA,采用产甲烷菌引物Met86F/Met1340R扩增16S rRNA基因,构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库。结果表明,本试验共获得93个非嵌合体16S rRNA序列,按照97%的相似性划分为39个分类操作单元（OTU）。其中,60个序列（15个OTU）与已培养细菌16S rRNA序列相似性≥97%,占总序列的64.5%;32个序列（23个OTU）与已培养菌16S rRNA序列相似性处于90%^<97%;仅有1个序列与Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis相似性<90%。系统发育树分析表明,98.9%的序列均属于甲烷杆菌目（Methanobacteriales）,部分序列与Methanobacteriales中任何已知相似序列都相隔较远,它们可能代表Methanobacteriales中新的属或种。由上述结果可见,富钟水牛瘤胃产甲烷菌以Methanobacteriales为优势菌群,其中有许多未知的产甲烷菌需进一步分离培养并对其功能进行分析。     

芬兰养狐业对我国养狐业的启迪

从饲养规模、劳动效率、饲料加工、日粮营养、环境卫生和疾病预防、产品品质等方面论述了芬兰养狐业的特点与我国养狐业存在的问题 ;从科学饲养管理、良种培育、毛皮加工技术与毛皮拍卖市场四个方面分析了芬兰养狐业成功的原因及给我们的启示     

四川麻疯树适宜栽培区划

通过对四川麻疯树生态适生条件需求的分析,提出了四川麻疯树适宜、次适宜区域,并通过立地条件选择提出了四川麻疯树栽植适生区.     

基于决策树的高寒湿地类型遥感分类方法研究

以索加-曲麻河区域为例,探讨了三江源区域高寒湿地遥感分类方法。利用TM 影像数据和DEM及缨帽变换后的亮度、绿度、湿度,以及归一化水体指数(NDWI)等复合识别指标,构建决策树模型,对研究区不同地类进行区分。然后通过与传统的最大似然法监督分类所得到的结果进行对比,结果表明:利用基于指数的决策树分类方法对高寒湿地类型进行分类,较传统的最大似然法监督分类总体精度提高12.05%;总体kappa系数提高0.140 7; 对于河流、湖泊、沼泽、滩地等湿地类型,生产者精度和用户精度分别提高了6.06%, 6.25%; 0.12%, 3.13%; 6.99%, 25.00%;6.12%, 28.13%, 比监督分类均有明显的提高。证明基于指数的决策树分类方法是高寒区域湿地遥感分类的一种有效手段。     

瓠瓜新品种浙蒲8号的选育

浙蒲8号是以自交系G7-4-3-1-2-1为母本、自交系J63-1-6-3-2-1为父本配制而成的耐热瓠瓜一代杂种。植株生长势较强,早中熟,以侧蔓结瓜为主,坐瓜性较好。商品瓜中棒形,上下粗细较均匀,平均瓜长约30cm,横径约5cm,瓜皮绿色,具光泽,单瓜质量0.4~0.5kg。耐高温性较强,高温期商品瓜率较对照杭州长瓜高6个百分点;品质佳,游离氨基酸总量1304.193μg·g-1,其中谷氨酸含量85.663μg·g-1;田间对枯萎病和白粉病的抗性强于对照杭州长瓜。适宜作露地栽培和夏秋季设施避雨栽培,夏秋季栽培每667m2产量2600kg以上。