抗精神分裂症药物对吐鲁番斗鸡5-HTT和TPH1基因表达的影响

为探讨不同抗精神分裂症药物对吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为影响的分子机理,试验将36只斗鸡随机分为12组,并选取利培酮、阿立哌唑、盐酸曲唑酮、盐酸舍曲林4种抗精神分裂症药物,且每种药物设有低剂量组（L）、正常剂量组（N）及高剂量组（H）,每天人工口服给药。分别在第1、2、5、8、11、14天时,翅下静脉采血,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法对口服不同剂量药物的吐鲁番斗鸡各阶段血液中5-羟色胺转运体（5-hydroxy-tryptamine transporter,5-HTT）、色氨酸羟化酶1（tryptophan hydroxylase 1,TPH1）的mRNA表达量进行检测。结果显示,口服4种药物后,利培酮组和阿立哌唑组斗鸡血液中5-HTT、TPH1基因mRNA的表达变化具有相似性,5-HTT基因整体呈下降趋势,TPH1基因均表现为波动性上升,且利培酮组TPH1基因mRNA的表达量及上升幅度高于阿立哌唑组;盐酸曲唑酮组和盐酸舍曲林组5-HTT基因mRNA的表达均从第5天开始呈直线上升,并于第14天达到峰值,且盐酸舍曲林组TPH1基因的表达呈微上调,盐酸曲唑酮组则无明显变化。利培酮组和阿立哌唑组斗鸡攻击行为减弱与其血液中5-HTT基因mRNA的低表达有关,本试验结果为进一步研究药物影响吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为的分子机理提供了重要参考依据。     

Effects of beta-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, and immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of beta-glucan supplementation on pig performance and immune function. In Exp. 1, 100 weaned pigs (8.65 +/- 0.42 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment to determine the effects of graded levels of beta-glucan. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments containing beta-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm. Each treatment was replicated using 5 pens containing 4 pigs per pen. The ADG of pigs between d 14 to 28 and d 0 to 28 responded to dietary beta-glucan in a quadratic fashion (P < 0.05), whereas beta-glucan had no effect on ADFI and G:F in any period. In Exp. 2, 80 crossbred pigs (8.23 +/- 0.56 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan in the diet) using 10 pens with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs treated with beta-glucan had greater ADG in the 14- to 28-d (P = 0.05) and 0-to 28-d (P = 0.035) periods. The ADFI of pigs receiving beta-glucan was increased (P < 0.05) in the periods from 0 to 14, 0 to 28, and 28 to 35 d. The lymphocyte proliferation index in response to phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.051) and concanavalin A (P = 0.052) tended to decrease on d 14 in pigs supplemented with beta-glucan compared with pigs without supplementation. In Exp. 3, 24 barrows (8.89 +/- 0.20 kg of BW and 28 d of age) were used to investigate the immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial, with the main effects of LPS challenge (saline vs. LPS) and dietary addition of beta-glucan (0 vs. 50 ppm). Pigs were raised individually in metabolic cages. Pigs were fed 0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan for 28 d and then challenged with LPS (25 microg/kg of BW) or saline. After LPS injection, blood was obtained at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 h to determine cytokine production and the somatotropic response. Dietary beta-glucan increased plasma interleukin-6 at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 3 and 4.5 h and increased plasma interleukin-10 from 3 to 7.5 h after LPS challenge. The beta-glucan treatments had no effect on growth hormone. In conclusion, beta-glucan can selectively influence performance and partially offer benefits on somatotropic axis and immune function in weaned piglets challenged with LPS.     

蓝茎冰草种子产量与施氮量和密度互作的模型分析

通过3因素5水平二次通用正交旋转组合设计方案,建立回归模型,进行解析、寻优和频数分析。结果表明:各试验因素对蓝茎冰草(Pascopyrum smithii)种子产量影响的大小顺序为施氮量(X₂)>植株密度(X₁)>喷施PP 333(X₃);施氮量与植株密度的互作效应对种子产量的作用为协同效应;同时得出了3因素对种子产量的优化配比方案:植株密度429.4~450×10⁴株/hm²,施氮量160~164.9kg/hm²,喷施PP 333量0.197~0.233 a.i.kg/hm²。     

加入WTO对重庆市粮食产业发展的影响与对策研究

通过对中国加入WTO后在粮食产业发展上面临的国内外形势的比较分析，指出了我国粮食产业发展在加入WTO的新形势下如何发展的问题，同时结合重庆市粮食生产情况，为重庆市粮食产业发展提出了一系列的建设性意见和对策，以应对加入WTO对我国及重庆市粮食产业带来的冲击，对把握重庆市粮食产业的发展方向有一定的指导意义。     

Dietary Supplementation with Microencapsulated Lutein Improves Yolk Color and Lutein Content in Fresh and Cooked Eggs of Laying Hens

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of diet supplemented with non-microencapsulated lutein (NL) and microencapsulated lutein (ML) in laying hens. A total of 270 Hy-line Brown laying hens (54 weeks old) were allocated to three groups with six replicates of 15 hens and were adapted to a wheat-soybean meal basal diet for two weeks. Next, the control birds were fed the basal diet, and the test birds were fed the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg NL (12 mg/kg available lutein) or 90.1 mg/kg ML (10 mg/kg available lutein) for 35 days. Supplementation of lutein did not affect the productive performance of laying hens, but improved (P<0.05) the yolk color and red/green value (a*), with eggs from the ML group displaying improved color and a* values from the 15^th day of the experimental period. The blue/yellow value (b*) for the yolk showed an increase (P<0.05) through both NL and ML supplements. The yolk color of fried and boiled eggs and a* value of the yolk in fried eggs were improved (P<0.05) only through ML supplemented diet. Both NL and ML supplements resulted in lower (P<0.05) lightness and higher (P<0.05) a* values of yolk in boiled eggs, as well as higher (P<0.05) b* values in fried and boiled eggs. Yolk lutein content in fresh, fried, and boiled eggs was increased (P<0.05) in NL and ML groups with the latter being higher. In conclusion, ML improved yolk pigmentation and lutein retention in laying hens better than NL.     

PMSG提高初产母猪繁殖力的研究

７０头初产断奶母猪随机分为两组，试验组于断奶当日颈部肌肉注射１０００Ⅰ．Ｕ．ＰＭＳＧ；对照组只注射等容量生理盐水（注射用水），以观察初产母猪断奶后发情配种和２胎产仔的情况。结果表明：试验组母猪断奶发情配种的时间比对照组显著提前（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２胎产仔数增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而两组母猪发情配种的受胎率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

无公害饲料预混剂及中草药在乳牛生产上的应用试验效果

40头产乳牛,10头一组,随机分为无公害预混剂＋中草药组（1组）、无公害预混剂组（2组）、中草药组（3组）和对照组。试验30天,结果表明：①无公害预混剂具有明显促进产乳增长作用,试验末期比初期（1、2组平均）产乳增长13．54％、料乳比下降11．93％、饲料成本下降10．69％,而无预混剂组（3组和对照组平均）依次为-22．39％、-28,87％、-30．3％（p〈0．01）;②中草药具有改善牛乳品质作用,中草药组（3组）牛乳总固体12．7％、乳蛋白3．0％、乳脂肪3．5％,分别比未加中草药组（对照组）高1．1（p〈0．01）、0．3（p〈0．05）和0．2（p〉0．05）个百分点;每千克牛乳中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn含量,加中草药的1组分别比未加中草药组的2组高0．0152mg（p〈0．05）、0．243mg（p〉0．05）、-0．014mg（p〉0．05）和1．15lmg（p〈0．05）;加中草药组的3组分别比对照组高0．0179mg（p〈0．05）、0．72mg（p〉0．05）、0．0492mg（p〈0．05）和0．287mg（p〉0．05）．     

表证动物模型研究概况

中兽医对表证动物模型的研究相对起步较晚，自1992年沈映君等为研究解表方药报道建立“类表寒证”、“类表热证”动物模型以来，风寒表证、风热表证、卫气（阳）虚证等相关动物模型的研究陆续见诸报道。笔者将近10余年来表证动物模型的研究概况综述如下。     

有机硒对种公牛精子活力、免疫力和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用5头成年种公牛作试验牛,采用分期试验,试验前期饲喂基础日粮,试验中期和后期添加一定量的有机硒,试验期采集种公牛的精液进行精子活力的检测,并分别采取血样进行血常规检测和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的测定.试验结果表明：在种公牛日粮中添加一定量的有机硒能显著提高种公牛的精子活力和免疫力（P〈0.05）,但对血常规主要指标无显著的影响。     

有机铬的合成及其产品质量评价

三价铬离子是构成葡萄糖耐量因子的重要组成部分,能够增强胰岛素的作用,是人和动物不可缺少的微量元素之一。有机铬化合物在生物机体中具有多种极其重要的活性功能,如果人体缺铬,将导致糖尿病和其它相关疾病;动物缺铬,则会导致对应激敏感、免疫功能受抑制、繁殖功能下降以及胴体品质下降等。本文综述了有机铬化合物的生物功能及其合成方法,介绍了产品的检测及质量评价方法,并对其发展前景做了一定的展望。