基于TCS230果蔬稻米农药残留检测系统的设计

针对如何实现果蔬稻米农药残留度的检测问题,设计了以颜色传感器TCS230和单片机C8051F310为核心的检测系统.系统通过对TCS230颜色识别的结果,对比颜色数据与农药残留程度数据库,查找出相应的农药残留度数据,液晶显示器HTG240160C和语音装置给予用户提示.系统开机显示待机画面、当前时间,键盘选择“选项”和“检测”功能菜单,完成系统设置或农药残留检测.测试结果表明,利用该系统完成的果蔬稻米农药残留检测,结构简单、可靠,操作方便,易于掌握.     

华北农田不同耕作方式的固碳效益评价

为研究长期耕作措施下农田土壤碳储量以及潜在碳成本的情况,在中国科学院石家庄栾城生态系统试验站进行了长期耕作定位试验,设置免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(CT)3个处理,并对各处理的固碳效益进行了评价。结果表明在秸秆还田、化肥投入的条件下各处理碳储量均呈现增长趋势,2004—2010年各处理间碳储量平均值由37 867.06增长到48 316.33kg/hm2,SCS的大小为CT>NT>RT;潜在碳成本NT、RT与CT分别为499.50,516.91和564.84kg/(hm2.a);通过效益评价可知,NT的生态效益最好,各处理间差异显著。RT的经济效益最好,与NT间差异不显著,但RT显著高于CT。建议华北麦玉两熟区农田优化当前农艺措施,提高机械覆盖面积,提升免耕作物经济产量,在此区域适当推广少免耕技术。     

Development and Application of Small Urban Watershed Storm Runoff Model in Mountain City

The small urban watershed storm runoff model of mountain city, which bases on the hydrological method and ArcEngine extension programming was developed aim at stimulating the flood situation, locating the flooding area, computing the subsiding time of flood, utilization and management of the stormwater through the rainfall data. The model was used in Panxi basin of Chongqing. The simulated situation showed that the Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient Ens is 0.56-0.76, the relatively error is 8.82%-11.8%. According to the parameter sensitivity analysis the most sensitivity parameters of the model are width of subcatchment, slope, manning coefficient and impermeable area rate. The model had analyzed the flow, full degree and number of overflowed wells to evaluate drainage capability of drainage system. Results showed that 0.52% of the drainage pipes were overload under one-year storm; compared with 5.86% and 8.20% under fifty-year storm and one-hundred-year storm respectively. By comparing the flow depth inside the wells with the placing depth the assessment results showed that 0.72% of the wells had spillover under one-hundred-year storm and 0.31% of the wells had spillover under one -year. Overall the model achieves effective management of storm runoff and assessment of the water drainage system capacity in mountainous city.     

大豆花叶病毒病转基因抗性研究进展

大豆是世界上重要的豆类作物,是人类植物性蛋白和食用油的主要来源.大豆花叶病毒(soybean mosaic virus,SMV)是大豆重要的病原物之一,广泛分布于世界各大豆产区,严重影响大豆的产量和品质.目前尚无有效的化学药剂可以防治大豆花叶病毒病,培育抗病品种是最经济、安全、有效的途径.然而,传统的抗病育种周期漫长,...     

1-甲基环丙烯对“丰水梨”冷藏品质的影响

以经济价值高的"丰水梨"果实为试材,研究冷藏条件下1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理可以提高果实硬度,降低果实的呼吸速率,推迟乙烯峰的出现并降低峰值;1-MCP可以控制MDA生成量,明显抑制病害的发生;1-MCP还在提高维生素C含量方面表现出优势。总之,1-MCP能较好地保持果实在冷藏期间的品质和风味,延缓果实的衰老和腐烂,保持较高的好果率。     

鸭疫里默氏菌的分离鉴定及病理组织学观察

从吉林某鸭场疑似鸭疫里默氏菌感染病/死鸭的脑部、心血分离到一株革兰阴性小杆菌,经细菌形态、生理生化、病理学观察、血清型鉴定与动物回归等试验,结果均证实分离株为RA,并将其命名为JL-RA1。该分离株对青霉素、替米考星、氟苯尼考高度敏感;而对头孢他啶、头孢曲松、磷霉素等多种药物完全耐药。     

饮水中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料提高奶牛产奶量试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验可知,奶牛日添加4kg该饲料,单产可提高2.18kg,每头牛日增利润2.03元,增产效果好,经济效益显著;另外,研究还发现,日添加4kg该饲料对乳成分无显著影响。     

水力侵蚀下砒砂岩区植被格局对微地形和侵蚀的影响

[目的]研究植被格局下微地形与侵蚀的关系,可为砒砂岩地区坡面侵蚀规律研究和水土流失防治提供理论参考。[方法]以砒砂岩区鲍家沟流域内的3种植被格局(均匀分布、聚集分布、随机分布)坡面为研究对象,通过自然降雨条件下采用野外径流小区实测结合三维激光扫描技术,分析了植被格局对微地形和侵蚀的影响。[结果]降雨后不同植被格局坡面的产流量、产沙量依次为裸坡坡面>聚集分布坡面>随机分布坡面>均匀分布坡面,与裸坡相比,均匀分布坡面的产流量、产沙量分别减少了64%,75%,其径流泥沙的拟合函数为Y=0.3619x^0.7309,R²=0.9866;不同植被格局坡面侵蚀—沉积的空间分布存在一定差异,与其他坡面相比,均匀分布格局坡面的土壤侵蚀强度最弱,侵蚀区面积最小,为12.38 m²,沉积区面积最大,为3.44 m²。不同植被格局坡面地形因子均随降雨呈现增大的趋势,且与裸坡坡面相比,聚集分布坡面地表粗糙度、地表起伏度、地表切割度、微坡度增幅最小,分别为5%,2%,0.5%,9%。聚集分布坡面地表粗糙度与产...     

大豆对大豆花叶病毒株系SC6和SC17抗病基因的精细定位

针对我国北方和长江流域大豆产区广泛分布的SMV株系SC6和SC17,利用2个抗病大豆品种Q0926和中豆35分别与感病品种南农1138-2和南农菜豆5号配制2个抗感杂交组合Q0926×南农1138-2和中豆35×南农菜豆5号以及一个抗抗组合Q0926×中豆35,研究3个组合的F₁、F₂、F_2:3抗性遗传规律,探讨Q0926对SC6和中豆35对SC17及2个抗病品种对同一SMV株系抗性基因的等位关系,并对大豆对2个株系的抗病基因进行了标记定位。结果显示,Q0926×南农1138-2和中豆35×南农菜豆5号2个抗感杂交组合在分别接种SC6和SC17后,F₁表现抗病,F₂呈3抗∶1感分离比例,F_2:3家系呈1抗∶2分离∶1感病的分离比率,表明Q0926对SC6和中豆35对SC17的抗病性分别由1对显性基因控制;抗抗组合Q0926×中豆35的F₁和F₂在接种2个株系后均未发现感病单株,表明Q0926与中豆35对SC6和SC17株系的抗病基因分别是等位或紧密连锁的。分别利用2个抗感组合的F₂和F_2:3群体对2个抗病基因的定位结果显示,第2染色体上的25个SSR标记与抗SC6的基因R_SC6连锁,最近的2个标记与抗性基因R_SC6的排列次序和遗传距离为BARCSOYSSR_02_0617(0.775 cM)-R_SC6-BARCSOYSSR_02_0621(0.519 cM);第2染色体上的38个SSR标记与抗SC17的基因R_SC17连锁。最近的2个标记与抗性基因R_SC17的排列次序和遗传距离为BARCSOYSSR_02_0622(0.264 cM)-R_SC17-BARCSOYSSR_02_0627(0.262 cM),其对应的物理区间分别为52 kb和60 kb。抗性遗传研究为抗大豆花叶病毒育种的亲本选配、后代选择提供了理论指导,抗性基因的标记定位研究为抗性基因的分子标记辅助选择和抗病基因的图位克隆奠定了基础。     

Development of integrated reactors for domestic garbage and town sludge

Aiming at domestic garbage aerobic compost and town sludge anaerobic treatment, on the basis of reactor TISTD (the integrated of sludge thickening and digestion)which is developed by the authors’ team, a TIDGTS (the integrated of domestic garbage and town sludge)reactor is designed.The reactor is made up of garbage and sludge chambers.Aerobic compost is adopted in the garbage chamber, while anaerobic fermentation is used in the sludge chamber, thus garbage and sludge can be treated in the same reactor.32~36 ℃ of sludge digestion can be ensured by the heat from sludge digestion, and 20 L sludge and 15 kg garbage can be treated per day.While inlet sludge moisture content is 97.2%~99.8% and VS/TS is 0.45~0.69, the discharged sludge moisture content is 92.7%~96.1% and VS/TS is 0.28~0.42.When the inlet garbage moisture content is 73.5% and VS/TS is 0.65~0.88, the discharged garbage moisture content is 48.6% and VS/TS is 0.32~0.44.The results show that the efficiency of concentration and digestion is near to TISTD which is heated by heating wire.