城市污泥应用于毛白杨林地施肥试验

为了妥善处置和利用城市污泥,使之变废为宝,采用城市污泥对毛白杨进行了不同立地施肥量、施肥时期试验.结果表明,污泥施肥改善了林地土壤的理化性状,对土壤具有修复作用.在不同施肥时期,不同立地条件下,施入一定量的城市污泥对毛白杨株高、胸径的生长均有促进作用,平原林地毛白杨净生长量优于丘陵地,污泥施入量以75 kg/株效果最佳.     

冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究

在木兰林管局桃山林场选取面积为100 m×100 m的杨桦次生林样地,以每株林木树高、胸径和坐标为基础数据,运用混交度、大小比数和角尺度等林分空间结构参数分析了杨桦次生林的空间结构特征。结果表明:(1)该林分中山杨Populus davidiana和白桦Betula platyphylla在株数和断面积比例上占优势,为林分内优势树种;(2)林分各混交类型的比例相差不大,林分整体呈中度混交状态;(3)林分优势木和亚优势木相对较多,基于胸径、树高得到的平均大小比数结果基本一致,均能客观反映林分的分化规律;(4)林分平均角尺度为0.504,属于随机分布,林下伴生树种以集聚分布为主,但优势树种的随机分布趋势起决定作用。     

Cytoplasmic diversity of the cotton genus as revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers

The diversity of chloroplast genomes has played an important role, as have those of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, in the evolution of plants. The sequences of the chloroplast genome supply unsubstituted information for genome analysis. In order to understand the genetic differentiation and relationship of cotton species, we investigated the cytoplasmic diversity of chloroplast genomes in 41 Gossypium accessions with 75 chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers. The markers were developed from reference sequences of the chloroplast genomes of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense and covered approximately 12.6 kb. Among the 75 markers, 50 were polymorphic, with polymorphism information content values ranging from 0.11 to 0.88. Analyses of the dataset demonstrated that single copy regions were much more informative than inverted repeat regions. The non-coding sequences were well differentiated among these species. For some common cpDNA haplotypes, the E-genome species that may be the oldest of the extant cotton species was deduced. The differentiation of A-genome species lagged behind that of AD-genome species. Neither G. herbaceum nor G. arboreum was the cytoplasmic donor of tetraploid species, strongly suggesting that AD genomes originated from an extinct ancestor of modern A-genome species. We speculate that the genetic differentiation of the chloroplast genome of each cotton species resulted from the dispersal of that species and its adaptations to local ecological conditions. These cpSSR markers provided valuable information to reveal the diversity and differentiation of cotton during evolution.     

改性聚丙烯酸酯包膜控释肥料的控释性能研究

针对应用流化床包衣设备进行水溶性高分子聚合物包膜肥料中试生产中存在的问题,研究了交联剂用量对膜材料表面结构与疏水性能的影响,以及不同后处理工艺对改善包膜肥料控释性能的作用。结果表明,以水溶性高分子聚丙烯酸乳液为主成分的包膜材料中添加交联剂(氮丙啶)的比例由1%(质量百分数,下同)增加至2%,肥料包膜表面结构变得更加平整致密,疏水性能也有所增强,控释效果显著提升。在40℃静水浸泡的9 d时间内前者释放了90%以上的养分,而后者仅释放了约40%的养分。不同后处理工艺对增强包膜肥料的控释性能作用不一。烘箱加热的效果远好于微波处理,且当交联剂添加比例较低(0.3%)时,在一定范围内(60℃~80℃)升高后处理温度,包膜肥料的控释性能显著增强。而当交联剂添加比例增至1%以上时,升温对其控释性能几乎无影响。     

大花萱草对水分胁迫的光合响应

对黄色(T1)、金黄色(T2)和红色(T3)3个不同大花萱草的品系进行水分胁迫,利用CI- 340便携式光合仪测定了其水分胁迫下叶片的光合特性.结果表明:3种大花萱草的光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,在中午有明显的“午休”现象,干旱处理下的3种大花萱草光合速率明显低于对照;随胁迫程度的增大,各品系的光合速率均呈缓慢增加然后迅速降低的变化趋势,T1黄色品系表现出较强的光合能力,T3红色品系其次,T2金黄色品系的光合能力表现最弱.     

Application of Principal Component Analysis on Workable Competition Evaluation

The effective competition is an effective organizational form of the industry in modem market economy. It is a form accompanied with large - scale production and vigor competition. The analysis of effective competition has been the focus that people have paid close attention to it very much all the time. It is a basis of industrial policy, on the basis of the former research, the aufhors bring out 9 indexes according to the actual situation of our country, then take automobile trade as an example, we analyze the automobile trade with principal component.     

Characteristics and thermodynamics analysis ofoxyacetylene flame brazing joint of Cu/Al tubes

以磨盘柿为试材,研究不同液浸处理对冰温贮藏(-0.5～-0.2)℃柿果涩味转变、品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在冰温条件下,用2%浓度的NaCl溶液贮藏磨盘柿,可使果实的乙醇含量在贮藏30～45 d内急剧增加,促进可溶性单宁的降低,在贮藏45 d时达到完全脱涩,并可有效延缓果实硬度的下降,具有脱涩和保脆的双重作用,同时可保持相对较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,抑制贮藏后期果实丙二醛和膜相对电导率的增加,减缓果实的衰老进程。     

不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响

为研究不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响,取1 a生小桐子幼苗为试验材料,设置19.80,19.80和39.60(交替灌溉),39.60 mm 3个水平的灌水处理;3个水平的施盐处理:每50 g风干土中NaCl分析纯为0,0.15,0.30 g,并监测小桐子的形态,根区Na⁺环境以及植物体Na⁺累积的情况.结果表明:小桐子有一定的耐盐性,受到每50 g风干土中含有0.30 g NaCl分析纯盐胁迫时,交替灌溉处理更有利于小桐子的生长;随着盐浓度的增大,小桐子根区土壤电导率增大的幅度逐渐减小,同时,盐浓度的增大使土层中Na⁺含量增大的幅度也逐渐减小,小桐子干样中各器官Na⁺含量从大到小依次为叶片、根部、茎;19.80 和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式比39.60 mm灌溉方式节水25%,但小桐子的生长并未受到影响,且各器官钠离子含量差异不具有统计学意义.本试验条件下,受到不同程度盐胁迫的小桐子,19.80和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式更有利于小桐子生长,提高其耐盐性.     

基于芯片数据和整合分析研究奶牛乳房炎的关键通路

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见病和多发病之一,给奶牛业带来巨大的经济损失,严重制约着奶牛业的发展。为了进一步了解乳房炎的调控机理,对已发表的5套大肠杆菌感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的表达谱芯片数据统一进行预处理,并整合大肠杆菌感染1、6、24 h的基因富集分析,以期得到更可靠的影响奶牛乳房炎的关键基因和通路。结果发现,感染1、6和24 h数据集的分析结果中共同下调通路分别为9、30和17个,分析结果确定了一些奶牛乳房炎相关的通路及基因,为进一步揭示其调控机理提供参考。