快速灵敏的甘蔗线条花叶病毒免疫学检测体系的建立

 甘蔗花叶病广泛存在于我国甘蔗种植区,严重影响甘蔗产业的高质量发展。近年来甘蔗线条花叶病毒在蔗区肆虐,尽管针对其的血清学检测技术已经建立,但是快速、准确、高通量的检测方法亟待发掘。本研究制备了^SCSMVCP的抗血清,特异性高,与引起甘蔗花叶病的另两种病原 (高粱花叶病毒和甘蔗花叶病毒) 间没有血清学交叉反应。基于该多克隆抗体,建立了直接抗原包被的ELISA、斑点杂交、Western blot和基于多抗的免疫试纸条检测技术。开发的免疫试纸条检测技术能快速、准确、高通量应用于田间病毒鉴定。本文提供了基于血清学的快速、准确、高通量,且便捷的甘蔗线条花叶病毒检测技术,有助于我国蔗区甘蔗花叶病的监测与防控。     

秸秆替代阔叶木屑代料栽培黑木耳的应用研究

以黑木耳为试材,以玉米芯和大豆秸秆作为原料,按照阔叶木屑与秸秆不同比例,部分替代现有阔叶木屑代料栽培黑木耳,并通过测定不同比例配方培养的黑木耳的生物学特性、质量、产量,筛选出以秸秆与阔叶木屑为原料代料栽培黑木耳的最佳配方。结果表明:秸秆添加量达到60%的条件下,产量并未显著降低,说明秸秆作为部分替代木屑栽培基质的代用物料是可行的。     

芷江白蜡虫优势寄生蜂发生规律及综合防治

湖南芷江是我国传统的虫白蜡产区,素有"白蜡之乡"的美誉,但因受病虫害及气候条件等影响,芷江虫白蜡生产上一直未能实现种虫自给自足。本文研究了芷江白蜡虫生产过程中寄生蜂发生规律及综合防治方法,结果表明:芷江白蜡虫种虫生产上受寄生蜂危害严重,寄生率最高达91.3%,平均为56.1%,大量引发白蜡虫种虫绝收,寄生蜂危害是导致芷江长期不能规模化培育白蜡虫种虫的最直接原因。跳小蜂科的白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂、白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂、中华花翅跳小蜂是白蜡虫优势寄生蜂,种群数量占寄生蜂混合种群数量的90%以上。7月至10月是寄生蜂危害高峰期。寄生蜂的优势种类结构及发生规律与云南昆明等白蜡虫种虫传统产区相比有明显差异,建议抓住优势种群危害高峰期,开展白蜡虫寄生蜂的综合控制。     

黑龙江烟草病害种类鉴定及发生情况

为了明确黑龙江主要烟区目前病害发生和危害情况，于2010-2013年对黑龙江烟草主产区病害进行普查。鉴定结果表明，黑龙江烟草病害26种，其中真菌病害11种，细菌病害2种，病毒病害7种，寄生性种子植物1种，非侵染性病害5种；发生普遍且危害重的病害主要是烟草普通花叶病、角斑病。     

Effects of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in lung tissues of rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-infected rat lung tissues and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group, model group, Jiedu-Qingfei group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups were slowly dripped with 1×10⁹ CFU/L MP solution into their nostrils for 4 d. One rat in each group was sacrificed for MP nucleic acid detection at the second day after inoculation, and the other rats were given gavage therapy. The rats in blank control group and model group were intragastrically given the same volume of normal saline, the rats in Jiedu-Qingfei group were given 8 mL/kg Jiedu-Qingfei mixture daily for 4 weeks, and the rats in psoitive control group were given dexmethasone sodium phosphate (0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). After the experiment, the rats were killed. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for detecting the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-13 and TNF-α by ELISA. The right lung tissues were used for pathological observation and HE staining, while the left lung tissues were used to detect the expression of NF-κB p50, I-κBα and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The results of MP nucleic acid detection showed that all the rats except blank control group were MP nucleic acid positive, indicating that the rat model of MP infection was successfully established. On the 1st day of the treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in model group and Jiedu-Qingfei group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in mo-del group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and Jiedu-Qingfei group. The levels of IL-12 in the serum and BALF in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group after MP infection (P<0.05), while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in the serum and BALF of MP-infected rats were increased significantly, while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in control group. After treatment, the mRNA expression of I-κBα in Jiedu-Qingfei group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in the lung tissues of model group were significantly higher than those of blank control group. After treatment, the protein expression of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK was decreased significantly. The protein level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture, the protein expression level of I-κBα was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiedu-Qingfei mixture may attenuate lung tissue inflammation caused by MP through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.     

北京水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类调查

为研究北京地区水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类分布,采用叶饵法从北京水系中诱集菌株,共分离到腐霉、疫腐霉182株,利用Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)进行分析,筛选出不同基因型的代表菌株,并依据形态学特征及ITS序列对这些菌株进行种类鉴定。结果共发现6个已知种和3个可能的新种,其中:湖滨疫腐霉Phytopythium litorale和果胶裂解腐霉Pythium pectinolyticum为国内新记录种;旋柄疫腐霉Pp.helicoides、异丝腐霉P.diclinum、簇囊腐霉P.torulosum和袋囊腐霉P.marsipium为北京地区新记录种。研究结果可为未来监测北京地区水系中病原菌的分布情况提供基础数据。     

主成分分析及隶属函数法评价非洲菊不同品种对低温弱光的适应性

以贵阳地区栽培的13个非洲菊品种为供试材料,研究冬春季节低温弱光对非洲菊不同品种叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛和质膜透性等生理生化指标的影响,利用主成分分析法、模糊隶属函数法及聚类分析法对非洲菊不同品种进行耐低温弱光适应性综合评价。结果表明,丙二醛含量、总超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量等5个指标可作为非洲菊耐低温弱光性的评价鉴定指标。13个非洲菊品种的耐低温弱光性依次为:秋日、娇艳>阳光海岸、大088、白马王子>缤纷>鸿运、红色妖姬>红极星、贵族>玲珑、靓粉、蜜糖。