Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

南昌地区美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂发生情况的初步分析

美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasativae是近年传入我国的重要害虫。据广东（广州）、云南（昆明）和江西各地采的寄生蜂标本鉴定,主要有潜蝇茧蜂Opiussp．潜蝇凹面姬小蜂Chrysocharispentheus（Walker）,潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphusisaea（Walhar）,港闭口崎姬小＄Oryo～训四dW（ffe而加）,潜绳网坛娇小问m叩o～SP．（种名待定）,异角姬小峰怪m冲M。。（Giradt）和借用黄斑响小峰T～dtAsaSp．（种名待定）,其中除冈岭和异角两种沉小挂外,其他种类在南昌地区也均为豌豆植潜蝇的寄生峰。据南昌地区的调查,豌豆植潜蝇寄生蝶种数约20种,而美洲斑浴…     

南京市小麦田杂草调查及其防除对策

通过对南京市各县区麦田杂草的系统调查,探讨本地小麦田杂草群落结构及发生规律,调查发现目前南京市小麦田间常见杂草有11科26种,主要杂草有猪殃殃、播娘蒿、看麦娘、荠菜、大巢菜、牛繁缕、婆婆纳、麦家公、野燕麦、泽漆等。并对已有小麦田杂草农业防除配套技术进行了充实和完善。     

A semi-fertile interspecific hybrid of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica rapa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">B. nigra</Emphasis> and the cytogenetic analysis of its progeny

Black rot is a bacterial disease of Brassica rapa caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc.). Sources of resistance to this disease within B. rapa are insufficient and control measures are limited, making the development of resistant breeding lines extremely important. Certain lines of B. nigra exhibit very high resistance to Xcc. For this study, an interspecific cross between Brassica rapa and B. nigra was performed, and a total of 6 F₁ hybrids were obtained through ovary culture. Five plants (H_1–5) were relatively slow-growing, entirely sterile, and had 18 chromosomes in the majority of pollen mother cells (PMCs). GISH analysis showed that most of the PMCs had 8 B. nigra chromosomes, which indicated the expected AB genomic constitution. The last plant (H₆) was partially fertile and the majority of PMCs contained 10 chromosomes of B. rapa and 16 chromosomes of B. nigra, indicating an ABB genomic constitution. Ovary culture techniques were not necessary for the development of the first- or second-backcross generation. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism analysis of F₁, BC₁, and BC₂ plants indicated that some fragments from B. nigra were lost, particularly in the genome of BC₁/BC₂ in successive generation(s). The BC₂ plants expressing good resistance to Xcc. were observed.     

Argo数据库的构建与渔业分析应用

遥感数据在渔业分析中应用广泛,但它只能提供海洋表层参考信息,远洋捕捞常常需要次表层环境信息辅助渔场预测。Argo剖面数据提供了从表层到2 000 m以浅的数据,利用Argo数据建立的次表层海况数据库可以为渔业分析提供更多的参考信息。从GDacs服务器自动定时下载数据并更新数据库,利用Akima插值方法处理垂直剖面数据,通过分析温度和盐度的变化情况计算出温跃层和盐跃层,以及其深度、厚度、强度等信息,利用反距离权重插值法绘制海洋次表层环境信息图,结合渔业信息数据可以很好地应用于渔业分析。研究亮点:多数金枪鱼类生活在海洋表层至100 m,温跃层限制了鱼类的上下移动。文章研究了Argo数据自动化处理,使用AKIMA、IDW插值生成温跃层上(下)界温度、盐度、深度、强度;根据温跃层深度选择用于辅助分析的水层;分析渔获量分布、变化等与海洋次表层环境特点的关系。     

基于Copula方法的花生收入保险费率厘定研究——以河南省主产市为例

收入保险具有防范产量与价格双重风险的功能,推行花生收入保险对于宏观上提高我国食用油安全水平和微观上保障种植户持久稳定收益意义重大、影响深远。以河南省南阳市、开封市、驻马店市等三大花生主产市为例,利用1993—2016年各市花生单产数据和全省花生市场收购价格数据,在说明花生具备实施收入保险的基本条件后,采用Copula函数和蒙特卡洛方法,分别厘定了各市花生收入保险费率。结果表明:花生单产与价格间存在显著的负相关,南阳市、开封市、驻马店市花生收入保险的费率存在显著差异,在40%～100%的保障水平下分别为2.1%～17.8%、1.6%～12.5%和3.8%～16.9%,各地费率都随保障水平的下降而显著地下降;在相同的保障水平下,花生收入保险的费率与保费均低于成本保险,且能够为农户提供更高的风险保障水平。据此,提出未来要加快构建区域性花生收入保险体系,设定差异化且合理的风险保障水平。     

EMS诱变水稻矮生资源的鉴定评价

用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理水稻优良籼型恢复系缙恢10号,获得了24份半矮化突变体,其中4份较为特别.与其他半矮化突变体相比,d11和d24的包穗程度较轻,分别为-2.7和-2.6cm,农艺性状变化较小,有效穗与原始材料相比无变化;缙恢10号对GA3敏感,d9和d18对GA3钝感,d9是全节间缩短型突变体,d18则为顶...     

光照对加工番茄穴盘苗植株形态及生理的影响

【目的】通过对穴盘苗设置光照和遮阴条件,探讨光照对穴盘苗植株形态及生理的影响。【方法】以加工番茄87-5(里格尔,下同)和新番41号为材料,设置正常光照和遮阴两个处理,对比研究穴盘徒长苗与正常苗在外部形态指标及生理发生的变化差异。【结果】遮光处理下的穴盘苗株高变高、叶面积变大、RWC(相对含水量)上升、叶片数减少、WSD(饱和亏)下降、根系活力下降,与此同时SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性、游离脯氨酸、POD(过氧化物酶)活性、总糖量、过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛均有一定程度的下降。【结论】光照对加工番茄穴盘苗的植株形态及生理有明显的影响,充足的光照直接影响到穴盘苗的成苗质量。     

猪猝死症4种重要病原多重连接探针扩增鉴别检测技术的建立与应用

为了快速检测引起猪猝死的病原,本研究针对临床引起猪猝死症的4种疾病病原(猪尼帕病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、猪产气荚膜梭菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌)分别设计特异性探针,建立了同时检测这4种病原的多重连接探针扩增技术(MLPA)。对扩增产物进行毛细管电泳分析,结果显示该方法,探针之间没有交叉反应,特异性强。对不同病原核酸的最低检测限可以达到140拷贝μ/L～370拷贝μ/L,敏感性较高。应用该MLPA方法对129份临床样品进行检测,并与国家相关标准进行比较。结果显示,两种方法的符合率为100%,且该方法检测猪产气荚膜梭菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的特异性和敏感性均达到100%,Kappa值均为1。该方法的检测结果与国家或行业标准PCR的检测结果一致性较高,且克服了后者无法同时进行多重检测的缺点,最多可以同时检测45种病原,对于复杂症候群的快速和高通量检测具有重要临床意义。该方法可推广到其它多重病原体的检测中,显示出广阔的应用前景。     

PG和LOX对采后番茄果实软化及细胞超微结构的影响

以番茄 (Lycopersiconesculentum)品种‘丽春’为试验材料研究了果实采后多聚半乳糖醛酸酶 (PG)和脂氧合酶 (LOX)的活性变化与果实硬度的关系 ,并观察了细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明 ,随着果实采后呼吸强度和乙烯释放量不断增加 ,PG和LOX活性迅速增加 ,而果实硬度逐渐下降。呼吸强度和LOX活性高峰出现在发白期 (BR) ,而乙烯释放量高峰延迟至转色期 (TU)。PG活性随着果实的成熟逐渐增加 ,而LOX活性在发白期之后保持较高水平。分别用外源LOX和LOX加底物处理番茄组织切片 ,发现组织细胞的衰老进程加速 ,进而导致细胞膜瓦解、胞壁纤维松弛以及细胞器空胞化。PG和LOX都与果实的后熟软化有关 ,LOX与衰老的启动有关