旋耕机刀片的耐磨性研究

结合旋耕机刀片的工况条件,运用摩擦学的研究成果,揭示了旋耕刀的磨损机理,并建立了冲蚀磨损模型。经试验验证,提出了影响旋耕刀耐磨性的因素,指出低碳高合金钢作为旋耕刀材料具有比高碳钢65Mn更好的抗磨损机能。     

ZigBee和线阵CCD技术在西藏智能温室中的应用

利用西藏地区太阳能丰富的优势,采用太阳能资源为主要供能方式,为智能温室系统构建基于Zig Bee协议的无线传感网络和nRF2401无线传感器的双层无线通信网络,以减少西藏地区有线布线成本和解决温室群控制问题。同时,在传统智能温室中结合线阵CCD技术,为智能温室系统提供实时、直观的作物生长状况数据,有效提高对温室内环境因素的监控效率及温室智能自动化控制程度,以满足现代化高效节约型农业的发展形势需求,以及西藏地区特定的地理环境对于农业自动化的需求。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of HA and NA Genes of One Strain of H6N6 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Guizhou Province

To investigate the epidemic situation of H6N6 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in Guizhou province,A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 was isolated from Sansui duck in live poultry market of Guizhou in 2014,the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of DK/GZ/14 were subjected to clone and sequence analysis.The results showed that HA gene had the highest nucleotide homologies (97.5%) with the duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV isolated from Eastern China in 2009,and the strains of HA gene proteolytic cleavage sites was P-Q-I-E-T-R-G,which accordeol with the molecular characteristic of low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV).However,NA gene of A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 had the highest nucleotide homologies (98.2%) with the duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV isolated from Fujian in 2007.The phylogenetic tree showed that A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 and Hunan strains located in the same branch,while three duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV isolated from Guizhou in 2007 and A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 located in the different branch for HA and NA genes in genetic evolution,which suggested that A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 was far with the local H6N6 subtype.The results also clearly indicated that duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV had genetic diversity in duck population in Guizhou.     

不同保存方法对石榴成熟叶片基因组DNA提取效果的影响

以石榴(Punica granatum L.)成熟叶片为试材,设置6种保存方法,采用改良的CTAB法提取石榴基因组DNA,研究了不同保存方法对石榴叶片基因组DNA提取效果的影响。结果表明:采用改良的CTAB法,新鲜叶片、-70℃保存6个月、4℃保存5d的样品均能得到浓度较高的DNA;-20℃保存7d和14d的样品均能得到完整DNA,但浓度略低;硅胶干燥常温保存5个月的样品用同样的方法未能提取到DNA,在对提取方法进行优化后,可提取纯度较高的基因组DNA,但其浓度仅约为鲜叶的50%。上述方法保存的样品提取的基因组DNA均能得到清晰、稳定的SRAP-PCR扩增图谱。     

烟青虫初孵幼虫的高效快速收集方法

比较了常用的烟青虫人工收集方法和新研发的烟青虫初孵幼虫快速收集方法的效果。试验结果表明,与人工收集方法相比,快速收集方法获得初孵幼虫所用时间少,收集的初孵幼虫存活率搞,达96.33%,且收集的幼虫发育更加整齐,雌、雄蛹单头质量(雌蛹295.33 mg,雄蛹284.66 mg)略大;还可节省大量人力,避免了人工挑虫对初孵幼虫的伤害,保障了烟青虫实验种群的大量优质扩繁。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中的草甘膦及其代谢物残留

本研究首次建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定柑橘中草甘膦及其代谢物N-乙酰草甘膦?氨甲基磷酸(AMPA)和N-乙酰AMPA?样品经过0.5%甲酸水提取, 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱(C18)净化, 利用水和200 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.1%氨水)作为流动相梯度洗脱, 在多反应监测模式下定量分析?结果表明, 草甘膦及其代谢物在0.05~1 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.99; 草甘膦及其3个代谢物在柑橘全果和果肉基质中3个加标水平下回收率为 70.5%~109.5%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%~10.1%, 定量限为0.05 mg/kg?本方法的前处理样品无需衍生, 简便?快捷?高效?准确可靠, 可用于柑橘中草甘膦及其代谢物N-乙酰草甘膦?AMPA和N-乙酰AMPA的定量检测?     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

弱光条件下桃光合作用的动态变化及品种差异分析

就日光温室桃树光合生理进行了详尽的研究,结果表明:1d中叶温与气温以14:00时较高。遮阴明显地降低了到达叶片表面的有效光合辐射、叶温与气温。桃叶片的光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,峰值大约出现在上午10:00与下午14:00时;不同品种弱光下的光合速率有明显的差异,以NJN较高,其次为五月火与麦香。遮阴降低了桃叶片的光合速率,以NJN光合速率降低的较少,说明NJN能适应设施栽培。气孔阻力与蒸腾速率则随着遮阴程度的增加而增加。桃中位叶的光合速率较幼叶高。