Biochemical Changes in Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii During Larval Development

Abstract.— Quantitative changes in the protein, lipid and carbohydrate were studied in the early larval stages of developing freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared under fed and starved conditions to understand the relative importance of these nutrients in energy metabolism of the growing larvae. Larvae obtained from several females were stocked into three 250-L tanks at a density of 30 larvae/L. The feeding regime consisted of newly hatched Artemia nauplii. Protein was always the major organic constituent followed by lipids and then carbohydrates of both fed and starved larvae. Protein levels of both fed and starved larvae increased during development, suggesting an important role in morphogenesis. The decline of lipid during the larval growth that was more rapid for starved larvae, suggests a probable utilization of lipid as the major metabolic source of energy. Carbohydrates formed less than 5 and 2.4% of the larval dry weight of fed and starved larvae, respectively, suggesting their limited role in larval metabolism.     

Reproductive roles predict sexual dimorphism in internal and external morphology of lake whitefish,Coregonus clupeaformis

Abstract – The different reproductive roles of the sexes can predict the direction and magnitude of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology. Males should have enlarged structures that enhance the acquisition of mating opportunities, whereas females are predicted to have enlarged organs that are associated with the production of eggs. We tested these predictions in male and female lake whitefish, a species in which both sexes have similar overall body size and shape. After controlling for body size, male lake whitefish had significantly longer jaws and pectoral and pelvic fins, larger hearts, and more muscle than females. Sexual dimorphism in relative muscle mass may be one of the most fundamental morphological differences between males and females. Females had relatively heavier livers than males. Because the liver is important for the breakdown of fats and vitellogenesis, selection should favour an enlarged liver in females for the processing of energy and the production of large numbers of eggs.     

Chemotactic response of bovine neutrophils to Pasteurella haemolytica culture fluid

Bovine neutrophil chemotactic activity was detected in the supernatant fluid of logarithmic phase cultures of P. haemolytica serotype 1. The chemoattractant was produced under culture conditions suitable for P. haemolytica leukotoxin production. An inverse correlation existed between the leukotoxin LC50 and the chemotactic activity in the culture fluid. Elimination of leukotoxin activity by heating, dilution or ultrafiltration, exposed the chemotactic activity in the culture fluid. The chemoattractant was partially resistant to heating (60 degrees C, 30 min), and had an apparent molecular weight greater than 100,000. Detection of chemotactic activity in both the concentrate and filtrate after XM300 filtration suggested that there might be more than one component with chemotactic activity or else that polymerization was occurring. Production of a potent neutrophil chemoattractant by P. haemolytica may explain the rapid infiltration of neutrophils that occurs during the early stages of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.     

寡果糖对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响

在基础日粮中添加寡果糖 ,研究其对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响。试验将 32头杜大二断奶仔猪分为 2组 ,基础日粮为对照组 ,基础日粮添加 0 1 7%寡果糖为试验组 ,预试期 4d ,正式试验期 2 8d。结果表明 :试验组较对照组仔猪日增重提高 3 88% (P >0 0 5) ,料重比下降4 67% ;仔猪血液尿素氮含量显著升高 (P<0 0 1 ) ,甲状腺素 (T4)和白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )含量也显著升高 (P<0 0 5) ,血糖和T3含量有升高趋势 ,但不显著     

牵引犁受力分析的解析方法

分析了牵引犁受力图解法求解所存在的问题，用解析方法建立了牵引犁受力的矩阵方程组并利用计算机进行了求解，预测了各结构参数变化对机组受力工况的影响，从而为牵引犁机组的合理配置和各部件结构的强度计算和优化设计提供了理论依据。     

火炬松短周期工业材不同高度上干缩性能的研究

对湖南同一立地指数（１８）下，５株１７．５年生的火炬松（ＰｉｎａｓｔａｅｄａＬ．）短周期工业材１．３，３．６，５．６，７．６，９．６ｍ５个高度的木材干缩系数、基本密度、生长轮宽度、晚材率和微纤丝角度，按生长轮取样，进行了测量和统计分析．结果表明，弦向、径向、体积干缩系数和干缩比，在树于５个高度之间的差异，均达到了显著水平；各高度干缩系数与生长轮的年龄（离髓心的距离）以及与上述各主要构造因子之间呈显著的线性相关，且相关度度随树干高度的增加而减弱．     

Differential effects of heparin on NO and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in bovine blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolisaccharide.

We investigated the influence of heparin, one of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, on nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes left to adhere for 2 (freshly adherent monocytes) and 48 h (resting monocytes), activated with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 24-h stimulation with LPS, heparin (100 microg/ml) increased (by about 40%) NO production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by freshly adherent monocytes. However, it did not change NO synthesis by the resting monocytes. Unlike its influence on NO level, heparin diminished TNF-alpha production by PBMC and monocytes stimulated with LPS. Microscopical examination of PBMC stained with biotin-labeled heparin, showed that both lymphocytes and monocytes were able to bind this glycosaminoglycan. We suggest that heparin, as a component of ECM, modulates the early response of monocytes to exogenous stimuli.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒南京株纤突S蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

参考 Genbank收录的 TGEV- Miller株的基因序列 ,自行设计合成 1对引物 (TGEVP5 /P6 ) ,对不同代次的 TGEV疫苗弱毒 STC3及种毒 、种毒 进行了 RT- PCR扩增 ,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 ,均出现 1条大约 12 6 2 bp的目的条带 ,经 Eco R 酶切 ,都产生了 871bp和391bp左右的两个片段 ,与预期大小相符。将种毒 RT- PCR扩增目的条带回收纯化后克隆入PMD18- T载体中 ,转化宿主菌 DH5 α,挑选阳性克隆 (命名为 PTs) ,提取重组质粒 ,用 Hpa 、Eco R 对重组质粒进行酶切鉴定以及 PCR扩增 ,然后进行序列测定 ,并进行了序列分析 ,证实与国外标准毒株 Miller、Fs772 / 70、Purdue、TO14等有较高的同源性     

Correlated responses from selection for income minus food cost in pullets on traits in older hens

1. After 5 generations of selection on income minus food cost between 21 and 40 weeks of age (SECR), a correlated genetic improvement of 14.5% and 16.3% of the base population mean could be observed for income minus food cost between 41 and 60 weeks (IF60) in two lines of laying hens. The total responses up to 60 weeks amounted to 17.2% and 17.3% of the base population mean. A heritability of 0.30 for IF60 and a genetic correlation of 0.61 between SECR and IF60 were estimated.

2. The correlated relative genetic responses for 5 traits of the period between 41 and 60 weeks of age for the two lines were: 4.3% and 5.2% in egg number, 5.8% and 7.4% in egg weight, 8.4% and 10.8% in egg mass, ‐2.7% and ‐0.6% in body weight at 60 weeks, and ‐5.2% and ‐6.3% in food efficiency.

3. The estimated heritabilities of these 5 traits from the whole data set were 0.36, 0.75, 0.34, 0.71 and 0.17. The estimated genetic correlations between SECR and the same 5 traits were 0.30, 0.46, 0.61, ‐0.22 and ‐0.49.

4. A high genetic correlation of income minus food cost with egg weight and a low one with egg number were found in pullets, but the relationships were reversed in older hens.     

小麦赤霉病流行预测初步研究

对1952—1963年病害流行程度与穗期气象要素之間的相关性测定結果表明,各年发病程度与4月下旬至5月下旬(小麦抽穗至糊熟)特別是5月上中旬(小麦开花至灌浆初期)的降雨日数、相对湿度呈明显的正相关;与同期的降雨量、平均气温相关不显著。稻桩上产生的子囊壳是本地区初侵染的主要来源,初侵染的数量和流行程度有关,其数量积累决定于雨湿条件。小麦开花灌浆初期最易感病,此时期降雨日数是病害流行的决定性因素。根据十二年資料分析結果,病害流行可以分为六种类型:早期发生型;中期发生型;后期发生型;少雨限制型;低温限制型;生育提早限制型。根据1957—1963年預测圃小麦开花后二旬內的降雨日数与发病率的相关,以发病率为应变量求出迴归方程式:Y=6.61 X—48.35,为中期預測提出雨日指标。