Plasma levels of immune factors and sex steroids in the male seahorse <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippocampus erectus</Emphasis> during a breeding cycle

To better understand the endocrine- and immune-response pattern during reproduction in a fish species having parental care behaviors and also to accumulate the endocrine- and immune-related data for future explanations of the low reproductive efficiency in seahorse species, the variations of immune factors and sex steroids in the plasma of the male lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus at different breeding stages, i.e., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy (early, middle, and late periods), and post-pregnancy, were investigated in the present study. The immune factors included monocytes/leucocytes (M/L), leucocyte phagocytic rate (LPR), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-α (IFN-α), and lysozyme (LZM). The sex steroids included testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT), 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone (17α-20β-P). Moreover, the immune metabolic activity of epithelium cells in the brood pouch at different breeding stages was also analyzed through ultrastructural observations of the abundance of cytoplasmic granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and exocytosis. The results show that a higher immune level was observed during pregnancy, particularly in the early and middle periods, and a lower immune level was noted during pre-pregnancy. Correspondingly, the epithelium cells in the brood pouch also showed a stronger immune metabolic activity during pregnancy and weaker activity during pre-pregnancy. Four sex steroids of T, 11β-OHT, 17α-MT, and E2 were higher during pre-pregnancy and lower during post-pregnancy, whereas 11-KT and 17α-20β-P, which were positively correlated with part immune factors, were higher during pregnancy. No negative correlations between sex steroids and immune factors were observed. In conclusion, the higher immune competence during pregnancy may indicate that parental care could improve immunity, which may be the major factor for no immunosuppressive effect of sex steroids during reproduction in the seahorse H. erectus, unlike noncaregiving fishes in which inhibitions of sex steroids on immunity are frequently observed. Moreover, higher 11-KT and 17α-20β-P during pregnancy than during pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy may suggest that these two steroids are also involved in parental care regulation.     

Dietary available phosphorus requirement for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CASIII)

A 57‐day growth experiment was conducted with juvenile gibel carp (13.48 ± 0.10 g) in a flow‐through system to study the effect of dietary phosphorus on growth performance, body composition, nutrition utilization, phosphorus loading and enzymes activities. Seven semipurifed diets were formulated to contain 0.07 (the basal), 2.27, 5.32, 8.10, 12.06, 15.24 and 19.48 g available phosphorus/kg diet. The results showed that specific growth rate, body length and feed efficiency significantly increased in the fish fed diets containing 0.07 to 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05). Ash and P content increased in fish fed diets containing 0.07–12.06 P g/kg (p < .05) and then levelled off, while moisture, crude protein and lipid had no significant difference (p > .05). The protein retention efficiency increased in the fish fed with diets 0.07–5.32 g/kg P (p < .05) and then reached a plateau. The P content in faeces was higher in fish fed diets containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg. Total P concentration in tank water increased in fish fed 0.07–12.06 g available P per kg diet (p < .05). The plasma P was higher in the fish fed with 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05), triglycerides was lower in the fish fed diet containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg (p < .05), no significant differences were observed in plasma Ca, plasma glucose and calcitonin (p > .05). Based on SGR, whole body P content and FE, dietary available P requirement for juvenile gibel carp were 13.37, 13.97 g/kg and 15.06 respectively.     

鱼类细菌性败血症发病鱼池细菌数量及致病性气单胞菌的初步研究

本文对细菌性败血症发病鱼池细菌数量及气单胞菌的数量、溶血性及致病力进行了研究。结果表明:水温在28.5℃以下时,细菌数量与水温基本成正比,发病池与不发病池的细菌数量无显著性差异;水体中广泛存在气单胞菌,其占水体总菌量比例随水温的上升而升高;发病池及未发病池中均存在能产生hec毒素和不产生hec毒素的嗜水气单胞菌株,两者数量上无显著差异;水体中存在血清型为TPS—30及PBJS—76的嗜水气单胞菌,且大多数对鱼体有毒力,以5×10~7CFU/尾腹腔注射,可使试验鱼大部分或全部发病死亡。     

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.     

镜鲤△6脂肪酸脱氢酶CDNA的克隆与表达

利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆得到镜鲤Cyprinus carpio肝脏中高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)合成代谢的脂肪酸去饱和酶(△6FAD)基因c DNA全序列。结果表明:镜鲤△6FAD基因c DNA全长为1 446bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 332bp,编码444个氨基酸。编码的蛋白序列包含FAD全部特征结构区,包括1个细胞色素b5结构域、2个跨膜区和3个组氨酸簇,与其他鱼类的Δ6FAD氨基酸序列具有69.0%~92.0%的同源性。系统树分析显示:与斑马鱼Danio rerio的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)检测发现:脂肪酸延长酶基因在镜鲤肝脏中表达量最高,背部肌次之,在血液中表达最低。本研究结果为进一步研究镜鲤HUFA的合成途径及调控机理提供了基础资料。     

水位变化对蛤蟆通水库浮游植物种群动态影响的研究

1991－1993年蛤蟆通水库水位变化对浮游植物种群的动态影响研究结果表明：1）浮游植种属数随水位下降而减少；2）浮游植物生物量随水位下降而升高，其关系式为y＝299．46－3．37x,r=-0.998;3)浮游植物多样性指数随水位降低而变小，并且与水位呈明显的相关性（r＝0．999，r＝0．983）。     

中国虎纹蛙与泰国虎纹蛙的遗传多样性比较

本文应用RAPD技术,研究了中国虎纹蛙(Rana tigrina rugulosa)和泰国虎纹蛙(R.tigrina cantor)的种内种间遗传多样性及种质特异性分子标记,结果表明:中国虎纹蛙和泰国虎纹蛙多态位点比例(P)分别为53.77%和70.79%;遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0.1345和0.1780;种间的遗传相似系数(S)为0.4238,遗传距离(D)为0.6613。两种虎纹蛙遗传多样性都较丰富,但中国虎纹蛙的遗传变异程度较泰国虎纹蛙低。在OPA、OPF、OPP、OPZ几个系列随机引物的扩增中得到了可用于鉴别两种蛙的12条特异性谱带。     

生态因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的影响

报道了生态因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的影响,结果表明,条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的最适宜盐度范围为２０￣３０,低于１０的盐度不能生长,最适宜温度范围为１５℃￣２５℃,高限为３０℃,适宜光辐射照度１５μＥｍ％－２Ｓ＾－１￣６０μＥｍ＾２Ｓ＾－１,添加的适宜Ｎ浓度２０ｇ／ｍ＾３￣６０ｇ／ｍ＾３,Ｐ为１．５ｇ／ｍ＾３￣５ｇ／ｍ＾３。     

食糜在矛尾复鰕虎鱼消化道排空速度及其营养含量的变化

选择规格一致、健康无病、初始体质量(43.42±0.75)g的矛尾复鳙虎鱼240尾,随机分到20个水族箱内,每箱12尾.饱食量投喂鲜杂鱼.然后不同时间取样,测定胃、前肠、中肠、后肠内容物的质量及其粗蛋白、脂肪和水分含量,探讨食糜在矛尾复鰕虎鱼消化道排空速度及其营养含量的变化.试验结果表明,矛尾复鰕虎鱼在刚摄食后胃内容物达到最大值,并随着时间的延长减少,至22 h排空为0.线性回归模型能较好地用来模拟食糜在胃中的变化;食糜在前肠、中肠和后肠出现的时间分别为摄食后1、3 h和4 h.达到最大值的时间分别为摄食后12、9 h和10 h.试验结束时(投喂后26 h)前肠、中肠和后肠仍有剩余食糜.食糜中粗蛋白和脂肪含量在胃、前肠、中肠、后肠逐渐降低,但胃中粗脂肪含量高于食糜中的含量,而粗蛋白含量低于食糜中含量.