Immunoadjuvant effects of hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) on the inactivated H9 subtype avian influenza virus vaccine

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H9 subtype cause serious health problems in chickens, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The killed vaccine (KV) against H9 subtype AIV has been widely used in China since 1998 but has been linked with side effects in chickens and only partial protection. A few studies have demonstrated the immunostimulatory effects of the hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) in cancer therapy. In this study, the adjuvant efficacy and the protective effects of HVJ-E, in combination with H9N2 AI KV against AIV were evaluated. The maturation of murine dendritic cells treated by HVJ-E was verified by FACS in the current experiment, then the antibody hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and cytokines and the post-challenge virological profiles (oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding) were investigated to define the immune responses in chickens. Our findings indicate that HVJ-E could induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation in mice. Injection of HVJ-E in chickens resulted in raised levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ being present in sera suggesting a stimulatory effect in these animals. The antibody responses to AIV of chickens inoculated with HVJ-E adjuvanted killed H9-AIV were higher than those of chickens inoculated with oil adjuvanted H9-HIV. Furthermore, although inoculation of either HVJ-E or oil adjuvanted AIV reduced virus shedding following challenge, compared to controls, HVJ-E adjuvanted AIV was more effective in reducing shedding than oil adjuvant.     

盐碱胁迫下黑麦草生长及离子微区分布特征

盐碱生境通过离子毒害和渗透胁迫等抑制植物的生长发育。离子微区分布调控主要通过调整盐分在不同部位的分布来减轻Na⁺等高浓度离子对重要组织器官的毒害作用,是盐碱胁迫下植物生存的重要策略之一。为探究黑麦草在盐碱胁迫下的离子微区分布特征,本研究通过水培法,采用不同盐碱浓度(0、50、100、200 mmol·L^-1)培养液处理黑麦草植株,考察其生长、离子吸收、运输选择性和微区分布变化,揭示黑麦草对盐碱胁迫的适应机制。结果表明:1) 盐碱胁迫下,植株的相对含水率、叶绿素含量逐渐降低,电解质外渗率显著升高;当盐碱浓度大于100 mmol·L^-1时,根长、株高和生物量均显著降低,即黑麦草的耐盐阈值是100~200 mmol·L^-1;2) 盐碱浓度为50 mmol·L^-1时,植株根中K⁺/Na⁺较空白升高了48.3%,Ca²⁺/Na⁺升高了54.1%,说明黑麦草根部可通过增强K⁺、Ca²⁺的吸收来维持细胞渗透压并缓解高浓度Na⁺的毒性;3) 在50~200 mmol·L^-1的盐碱浓度下,黑麦草叶片中可溶性组分及细胞壁中Na⁺的相对含量较对照显著增加,但细胞器内Na⁺的相对含量降低,说明叶部将Na⁺富集在液泡和细胞壁中,以减少Na⁺对细胞器的毒害作用;4) 叶片微观结构的SEM电镜图片显示,盐碱胁迫下叶片表皮增厚、导管数量减少和孔径缩小。综上所述,盐碱胁迫下黑麦草不同器官的适应机理不同,根部主要通过强化K⁺、Ca²⁺的吸收,降低对Na⁺的吸收,并将Na⁺区隔化在液泡中以降低离子毒害和维持渗透调节,而叶片主要通过将Na⁺区隔在液泡及细胞壁中,以及微观结构的变化来保护细胞器免受离子毒害。本研究可为黑麦草的耐盐碱适应机制及其在盐碱土上的种植提供理论依据。     

中药抗病毒性疫病作用机制研究进展

病毒性疫病作为一类具有高度传染性的疾病,目前尚缺乏理想的抗病毒药物,而中药因其独特的病毒病防治视角,成为近年来我国学者们研究的热点。研究显示,多种中药及其有效成分对病毒有一定的抑制作用。本文结合病毒性疫病发病机理与近年来抗病毒中药研究成果,对中药的抗病毒机制进行阐述,以期为多方位、多靶点、天然低毒兽医临床抗病毒药物的研发提供帮助。     

退化高寒草甸优势植物根际与非根际土壤养分及微生物量的分布特征

根际是一类特殊的微生态系统,对研究土壤与植物群落间的相互作用具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨高寒草甸退化过程中根际与非根际土壤的养分和微生物量分布特征,以及优势植物根际养分富集的相关性和差异性。结果表明：不同退化程度条件下,根际土壤中微生物量碳、氮、磷和养分含量显著高于非根际土壤（P<0.05）,且随退化程度加剧呈逐渐下降趋势;随高寒草甸退化程度的加剧,根际微生物量的碳、氮、磷和养分均出现富集效应,其富集率表现为重度退化草地 > 中度退化草地 > 轻度退化草地 > 未退化草地;由相关分析可知,根际与非根际土壤中微生物量碳和微生物量氮与全磷、全氮和有机碳之间均呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。综上所述,草地退化过程中土壤的有效养分和微生物量在植物根际存在富集和活化现象,这对于人们进一步认识和调控根际的养分循环具有重要意义。     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素病例对照研究

为了解云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素,以2021年布鲁氏菌病监测数据为基础,采用病例对照研究方法,对曲靖市8个县（市、区）181个羊养殖场开展问卷调查,并对养殖场饲养管理状况、生物安全措施等方面的18个风险因素进行单因素分析、多因素二元Logistic回归分析,构建回归方程,计算模型的预测概率,建立ROC曲线。结果显示：共回收有效问卷155份,涉及54个阳性场、101个阴性场;经单因素分析,从18项风险因素中选出13项P <0.05的因素;经多因素二元Logistic回归分析,“外购混养”（OR=9.006,95%CI:2.844～28.524）、“养殖场门口不消毒”（OR=7.835,95%CI:1.303～47.110）、“与邻居共用运输工具”（OR=13.087,95%CI:1.774～96.535）、“交通工具不消毒”（OR=4.263,95%CI:1.294～14.043）在病例组和对照组之间差异显著（P <0.05）,ROC曲线下面积为0.815(95%CI:0.743～0.887),模型预测性尚好。结果表明,“外购混养”“养殖场门口不消毒”“与邻居共用运...     

巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在研究巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化性能和肠道有害菌群数量影响.选取2周龄(初始体重104.59±3.82)g的七彩山鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,试验期112 d.对照组为Ⅰ组,饲喂不添加巨菌草的基础饲粮,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮上添加4％、8％、12％...     

仔猪小肠肌间神经丛NDP阳性神经元形态的定量研究

采用小肠铺片NADPH黄递酶组化染色和细胞影像分析的方法对0、5、28日龄的仔猪小肠肌间神经丛神经元群体的形态参数进行定量测定。结果表明:随日龄增长,小肠肌间神经元胞体面积增大,出生后的头几天尤为明显。NDP阳性肌间神经元胞核面积平均值与胞体面积平均值呈正相关。胞体面积平均值在0日龄为234.98±23.48μm2,5日龄为346.30±33.07μm2,28日龄为364.17μm2;胞核面积平均值在0日龄为69.85±6.27μm2,5日龄为88.25±2.39μm2,28日龄为84.15μm2。核质比随日龄呈下降趋势,核质比在0日龄为0.298±0.003,5日龄为0.257±0.027,28日龄为0.231。上述测量值不仅表现出日龄差异,而且在同一日龄小肠的前后段亦有所不同。NDP阳性神经元胞体和胞核大小都以十二指肠最大,空肠前段次之,回肠最小。0日龄仔猪神经元胞体面积分布在100～300μm2之间的占70.79%,5日龄和28日龄胞体面积分布在100～400μm2之间的分别占64.81%和63.22%。肌间神经丛NDP阳性神经元主要为Dogiel 型神经元。     

高效脂肪酶产生真菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件优化

研究旨在筛选高产脂肪酶活性的菌株,并鉴定其菌属及确定其最佳产酶条件。采集富含油脂的土壤,通过溴甲酚紫平板法进行菌株分离筛选,并采用橄榄油乳化法测定脂肪酶活力。利用真菌ITS序列通用引物进行PCR扩增,将测序结果Blast比对,并建系统发育树。采用正交试验设计优化产酶条件。通过筛选得到1株产脂肪酶的真菌菌株GW-1,经鉴定为黑曲霉Aspergillus niger。经单因素试验和正交试验得到该菌的最佳产酶条件为:葡萄糖0.5%、黄豆粉2.0%、橄榄油1.0%、MgSO4.7H2O 0.1%、pH值9.0、接种量8%、装液量50 ml/250 ml、发酵4 d。在此发酵条件下,其产酶活力可达39.82 U/(ml.min)。试验结果显示,访菌株在产脂肪酶能力上具有显著优越性,且菌株GW-1产酶活力较优化前高出19.96 U/(ml.min),提高了100.50%。     

活猪携带猪瘟病毒检测方法比较

对2个猪场的母猪血清、扁桃体、全血样品和公猪精液分别应用荧光抗体染色法、RT-PCR、CS-FV抗原ELISA、CSFV糖蛋白Erns ELISA 4种方法进行CSFV对应检测和比较。结果显示,荧光抗体染色法检出率最高,但与其他3种方法存在较大差异,RT-PCR方法检出率和重复性次之;猪瘟抗原ELISA方法检出率第3,重复性第1;CSFV糖蛋白Erns检出率和重复性均最低,但可筛选是否感染猪瘟病毒野毒。在母猪3种样品中扁桃体的检出率最高,全血样品次之,血清检出率最低。4种样品中公猪精液重复性最好,其次是母猪全血样品,母猪扁桃体第3;母猪血清样品最差。