兰州市黄河风情线行道树柳树穴土壤有机质及盐碱特征

采集黄河风情线沿岸行道树柳树穴土壤,研究其有机质、全盐、pH等理化性质,以摸清园林绿地土壤的基本性状。结果表明,土壤有机质在表层土壤含量较高,深层土壤有机质含量相对较低;北滨河路中山桥一龙源段有机质平均含量最高,银滩桥一南滨河路秀川桥段有机质平均含量最低;土壤全盐含量绝大多数处于较低的水平,对种植植物不会产生盐害作用,60～80cm土层有全盐含量较高的现象,即为盐渍化土壤;土壤pH全部是碱性和强碱性土壤。     

动物性饲料中沙门氏菌的快速鉴别

沙门氏菌属是饲料中污染最高、危害最大的病原性细菌,此菌属种多,分布广,已知的血清型株有2449种。沙门氏菌对人和动物有致病力,如伤寒沙门氏菌、副伤寒沙门氏菌等,动物通过饲料摄人大量菌体后,细菌在肠道繁殖并产生内毒素,对肠道产生刺激作用,引起严重的胃肠炎症状。该菌能引起动物的多种疾病,如禽霍乱、鸡白痢、马流产等,并造成沙门氏菌的传播循环即：饲料一动物一食品原料一人。饲料原料被沙门氏菌污染是造成饲料产品沙门氏菌污染的主要途径,因此国家农业部饲料中心把沙门氏菌的检测作为饲料原料抽检的必检的卫生指标之一。然而饲料中沙门氏菌的检验采用国标方法则相当复杂。为了探索更准确、快捷的检验方法,我们分别采用国标方法和参照法国生物梅里埃公司AOAC食品中沙门氏菌属的生物化学工具鉴定法进行。     

做好出口食用动物饲用饲料备案工作的对策

近年来，国家对出口动物和动物源性食品的安全重视程度不断增加，管理措施也在进一步健全和规范，越来越多的饲料企业为了打入出口食用动物饲用饲料的市场，纷纷向检验检疫机构提出备案申请，不仅有力推动了出口食用动物饲用饲料安全卫生质量控制体系的建设，[第一段]     

Pharmacokinetics of sodium baicalin following intravenous and intramuscular administration to piglets

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of baicalin after intravenous and intramuscular administration of sodium baicalin at 50 mg/kg to piglets. Plasma baicalin levels were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration–time data of baicalin for both administration routes were best described by two‐compartmental open model. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve and the elimination half‐lives were 77.47 ± 6.14 µg/ml × h and 1.73 ± 0.16 hr for intravenous and 64.85 ± 5.67 µg/ml × h and 2.42 ± 0.15 hr for intramuscular administration, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution and body clearance were 1.63 ± 0.23 L/kg and 2.74 ± 0.30 L h^?1 kg^?1 for intravenous and 0.51 ± 0.10 L/kg and 0.78 ± 0.08 L h^?1 kg^?1 for intramuscular routes, respectively. An intramuscular injection of sodium baicalin in piglets resulted in rapid and complete absorption, with a mean maximal plasma concentration of 77.28 ± 7.40 µg/ml at 0.17 hr and a high absolute bioavailability of 83.73 ± 5.53%.     

Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature

This study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat‐type KNCs (Hanhyup‐3, 4‐week‐old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week feeding trial. During overall period (0–6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0–3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3‐hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat‐stress tolerance of the chickens.     

基于粮食安全的重庆市耕地保护

耕地资源关系到一个国家或地区经济发展、社会稳定和粮食安全。文中通过对1997-2005年重庆市粮食产量和耕地面积的统计数据进行分析,发现耕地面积不断减少、粮食产量以2001年为分界点出现逐年减产和增产的现象,并提出基于粮食安全的重庆市耕地保护对策。     

A low-selenium diet increases thyroxine and decreases 3,5,3'triiodothyronine in the plasma of kittens

The effect of a low-selenium diet on thyroid hormone metabolism was investigated in growing kittens. Twelve specific-pathogen-free kittens with ages ranging from 16 to 18 weeks were divided into two groups of equal number with equal sex distribution in each group. One group was fed a yeast-based low-selenium diet (0.02 mg Se/kg diet) while the other group was fed the same diet supplemented with Na₂SeO₃ at 0.4 mg Se/kg diet for 8 weeks. Food intake, body weight and body weight gain were not affected by the low-Se diet during the study period. However, kittens given the low-Se diet had significantly reduced plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity. Plasma total thyroxine (T4) increased and total 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3) decreased significantly in kittens fed the low-Se diet at the end of the study. These results suggest that type I deiodinase in cats is a selenoprotein- or a selenium-dependent enzyme.     

牛白细胞髓过氧化物酶的分离纯化

应用分子筛层析(Sephadex G-200凝胶)和亲和层析(ConA-Sephrose 4B)从奶牛全血中分离纯化髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)。分离出的MPO活性为0.068 U/mL,分子质量为64.7、47.9、13.4 ku,纯度为94.2%,蛋白质浓度为147.3 μg/mL。本研究建立了MPO分离纯化方法,对于深入研究MPO具有重要意义。     

牛、羊包虫病及其实验室诊断技术

包虫病(echinococcosis)是由寄生于终末宿主(犬、狼、狐狸等)小肠的棘球蚴感染中间宿主(牛、羊、猪、骆驼、人类等)而引起的一种严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。该病在临床表现上缺乏特异性,且多为隐性感染,病原体不易检出,严重危害牧区人民健康和畜牧业发展。对包虫病的病原学特点、流行病学特点、实验室检测和诊断技术作一介绍,以期为该病的预防控制和进一步研究提供参考。     

世界宠物食品企业排名及全球宠物食品市场现状

1世界排名前40名宠物食品企业垄断是世界宠物食品生产的特点之一。根据“欧洲透视”(全球消费市场调查研究权威机构)的调查,2003年,世界排名前5位的宠物食品生产企业其市场份额占全球的65.1%,同比增加0.4%;销售额占全球的65.3%,同比增加0.42%。2003年全球宠物食品销售额为35亿美元,同比增加10.78%(表1)。表1世界排名前40名宠物食品企业的市场份额和销售额公司市场占有率/%零售额/百万美元玛氏雀巢宝洁高露洁D el M onte Foods C o.N utro Products Inc.A grolim en SAM eow M ix C O.U ni-Charm C orp.N isshin Flour M illing C o…