奶牛乳房炎多联苗(B)的临床免疫试验

用奶牛乳房炎多联苗 (B)免疫家兔 ,14 d血清中金黄色葡萄球菌抗体效价可达 1∶ 8,2 8d抗体水平明显升高 ,可达 1∶ 32 ,注苗后 35 d攻毒 ,攻毒后 2 d保护率为 93.3% (14 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ,10 d保护率为 6 6 .6 % (10 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ;用多联苗 (B)臀部肌肉注射免疫泌乳牛 ,试验期间 4个月内 ,3ml剂量组临床型乳房炎月平均发病率为 11.0 9% ,其对照组为 2 0 .19% ,发病率降低 4 5 .2 9% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;5 m l剂量组月平均发病率为 13.0 1% ,其对照组为 31.36 % ,发病率降低 5 8.5 1% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;3ml剂量组与 5 m l剂量组之间发病率无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;注苗后泌乳牛血清抗体水平可持续 4个月 ,且 30 d时效价水平最高。     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.     

不同酶制剂对水稻秸秆和白酒糟混合青贮品质的影响

为研究不同酶制剂对水稻(Oryzasativa L.)秸秆和白酒糟(m︰m=1︰1)混合青贮品质的影响,设置CK(对照)、CEL(250 U·g-1纤维素酶)和XYL(250 U·g-1木聚糖酶)3个处理,青贮120 d后取样测定其青贮品质.结果表明:CEL处理的感官评定等级为良好;CEL和XYL处理的干物质、粗脂肪、...     

Effects of postharvest treatment and heat stress on availability of wheat antioxidants

This research evaluated the effects of postharvest treatment and heat stress on the availability of wheat antioxidants using Ankor and Trego wheat varieties. The grain, bran, and 40-mesh bran samples of both Ankor and Trego wheat were kept at 25, 60, and 100 degrees C for 9 days. Samples taken at day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 9 were extracted with pure ethanol and examined for antioxidant properties including the scavenging activity against peroxyl (ORAC), cation ABTS, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH.) radicals, as well as total phenolic content (TPC) and phenolic acid composition. Both heat stress and postharvest treatment significantly altered the antioxidant properties of wheat grain fractions. The ORAC values of Ankor bran and corresponding 40-mesh bran samples kept at 100 degrees C for 9 days reduced to 61 and 40% of that at day 0 on a per dry weight basis, respectively, while the ORAC values of the grain samples showed no significant change. The overall loss of DPPH. scavenging capacity was 38 and 100% for the bran and 40-mesh Ankor bran samples, respectively, and was 47 and 60% in the bran and 40-mesh Trego bran samples, respectively, whereas no reduction was detected in the grain samples under the same heat stress. Heat stress and postharvest treatment had similar effects on ABTS.+ scavenging capacities and TPC values of grain and fractions of both varieties. These data suggest that whole grain as opposed to its fractions is a preferred form of long-term storage for better preserving natural antioxidants and that the reduction of the particle size may accelerate the loss of natural antioxidants in wheat bran during storage and thermal processing but may enhance the releasable amount of wheat antioxidants from bran.     

SfaMNPV-D克隆株感染小菜蛾的生物测定

芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒-D克隆株感染2龄和3龄小菜蛾幼虫,测得LC50分别为2.01×105和2.82×107PIBs/lml,相同浓度的病毒感染小菜蛾,致死率与幼虫虫龄呈负相关。     

外源水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗根系生长的影响

为了研究外源水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)种子萌发特性和幼苗根系生长的影响,以2个黄瓜品种（‘津春五号’、‘世纪春秀’）为材料,以浓度(150 mmol/L)的NaCl溶液结合外源水杨酸SA(0~1.0 mmol/L)处理黄瓜种子并进行发芽试验,观察了黄瓜种子的发芽情况及幼根生长特性。结果表明：在150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗根系生长均受到抑制,对黄瓜幼苗根伸长的抑制比茎更明显;外源SA能显著改善NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子发芽特性,促进幼苗根系的生长,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜发芽和根系生长的伤害,并以0.25 mmol/L的SA溶液处理对盐胁迫伤害的缓解效果最好。NaCl胁迫下不同品种的耐盐性和外源SA的缓解效应存在差异,‘津春五号’的耐盐性和外源SA的缓解效应高于‘世纪春秀’品种。     

采后热处理和钙处理对苹果梨果实组织衰老的影响

以延边地区主栽梨品种苹果梨为试材,通过测定细胞膜透性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,探索在不同贮藏方式下,热处理和钙处理对采后苹果梨果实组织衰老程度的影响.结果表明,热处理和钙处理均可抑制电导率的上升,其中钙处理效果最显著;各处理均能提高SOD的活性,冷藏条件下的SOD活性高于窖藏条件,热和钙结合处理效果最显著;苹果梨在贮藏期间PPO活性呈先下降后不断上升而后下降的趋势,热和钙结合处理组PPO活性增加较慢,效果较明显.     

计算机辅助分析冷冻前后褐牙鲆精子运动特征

观察了褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)精子在室温和低温下的活力与寿命,并应用计算机辅助精子分析系统(CASA)对超低温冷冻前后褐牙鲆精子的运动特征进行了分析,结果表明:褐牙鲆精子在室温(25℃)下,可存活4 d,在低温(4℃)下可存活7 d;鲜精的活力为(87. 74±5. 47)%,解冻后,精子的最高活性为(84. 00±3. 67)%;激活0. 5 min时,冻精与鲜精的运动精子占总精子数的百分率(MOT)无显著性差异(P>0. 05),但精子平均曲线运动速度(VCL)、平均直线运动速度(VSL)、平均路径运动速度(VAP)和精子运动路线的曲折程度(LIN)都有显著性差异(P <0. 05);激活4min和10min时,冻精与鲜精的MOT、VCL、VSL、VAP和LIN间都有显著性差异(P <0. 05)。鲜精激活0. 5 min后,直线运动、曲线运动、左右摆动和不运动的精子数目占总精子数的百分比分别为(24. 49±3. 87)%、(48. 53±4. 55)%、(24. 72±2. 86)%和(2. 27±1. 22)%;冻精激活0. 5min后,直线运动、曲线运动、左右摆动和不运动的精子数目占总精子数的百分比分别为(18. 58±1. 33)%、(35. 67±3. 00)%、(35. 24±2. 67)%和(10. 51±1. 33)%。随着激活时间的延长,褐牙鲆鲜精和冻精的运动状态均发生了改变,直线运动和曲线运动的精子数目逐渐减少,而不运动和左右摆动的精子数目逐渐增加。     

水稻种子活力的基因型差异

通过人工老化试验，低温发芽试验以及幼苗生长测定方法，对来源于珍汕９７Ｂ和明恢６３杂交后代的３０个重组自交系进行新、老种子活力比较研究。结果表明，重组自交系间种子活力水平存在明显的基因型差异；这种基因型差异可用活力指数准确、有效地加以反映。     

辽西地区野兔危害情况调查

通过走访、问卷调查和样地调查,对辽西地区野兔危害情况进行了初步调查,并对调查数据进行了统计分析。结果表明：辽西地区野兔主要危害杏树,其次是刺槐、杨树和梨树等;野兔对不同林龄杏树危害差异显著。其中,对3林龄以下杏树危害严重,3林龄以上危害较轻;野兔对不同地区杏树危害程度差异显著,主要表现在对海拔较高降雨较少的地区危害程度较海拔低降雨相对多的地区高。